Multipliers and impacts of active sport tourism in the Greek region of Messinia

Abstract

Few studies on the economic impact of active sport tourism have been conducted, and these are limited to one sport. Multipliers, moreover, relate only to sport activities and not to sport tourist typologies. This article examines the economic impact of four activities (golf, windsurfing, horse riding and scuba diving) on income and employment generation in Messinia, a region in south-western Greece. Since no input–output tables are available at this local level, the ad hoc model was employed. Golf generated higher income and more employment units than the other activities, displaying all of the characteristics of a propulsive activity, a concept derived from the growth pole theory. Regarding typologies, primary sports tourists exhibit higher multipliers than tourists interested in sport in every case. The article, also, partially validates the general consensus that small tourism firms have higher total multipliers than their larger counterparts. Implications stemming from the results are discussed.

Assessing the income multiplier of trail‐related tourism in a coastal area of Portugal

“…The reason why the income multiplier of TRT is the largest within the category is mainly because of lower taxes, lower import propensity, availability of local human resources, lower saving propensity due to the rising cost of living, and the presence of local businesses owned by residents. For instance, the total effect of the income multiplier of the water‐based activities of scuba‐diving and windsurfing in the area of Messia (Greece) is lower because of the higher import of equipment propensity and employment of non‐local people (Drakakis et al, 2020). Almost the same income multiplier value was obtained by Hsu (2019) for wetland ecotourism in Cigu lagoon, mainly because most of the businesses are family‐owned and small enterprises.…”

“…Nevertheless, it should be noted that it is time consuming to collect all data through surveys. However, the Ad hoc multiplier model is useful for small‐scale studies when there are no clear operating boundaries or statistical data because it includes single consumption as it is simpler to apply (Drakakis et al, 2020; Hsu, 2019).…”

Evaluation of the International Tourism Impact on the Economy

“…production functions are not linear, there are no unlimited resources, prices can vary) and examines the effects of a shift in final demand on all the aspects of an economy by accounting for feedback effects. However, the need for a large amount of data greatly increases the cost of the model's construction and limits the analysis to an even smaller number of sectors than the social accounting matrix [7].…”

A Logical Rationale for Sports Tourism to Help Rural Revitalization under Integrated Transfer Learning Strategy

“…In recent years, with the continuous development of the social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, and under the new situation of consumption upgrading, sports consumption has become an important part of residents' consumption, and the sports industry has gradually become a new growth point of the national economy [1]. In the integration of the sports industry and the tourism industry, the sports industry develops more rapidly and plays an increasingly important role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry, comprehensively upgrading the quality of the industry and realizing the process of enhancing the comprehensive benefits of the industry [2][3]. As an important focus of rural industrial development, rural sports tourism not only has the multiple values of promoting urban-rural integration, accelerating industrial structure upgrading, protecting the sustainable development of rural sports, and promoting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy but also has the ability to stimulate rural vitality, provide creativity and competitiveness for the development of the rural economy, accelerate the upgrading and transformation of the traditional model of rural industry, achieve organic integration of the resource elements, promote the synergistic effect of the sports and tourism industry, and form and promote the development of the sports and tourism industry.…”