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Adler, C.; Ahammed, Z.; Allgower, C.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Anderson, M.; Averichev, G. S.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L. S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V. V.; Bellwied, R.; Berger, J.; Bichsel, H.; Bland, L. C.; Blyth, C. O.; Bonner, B. E.; Bossingham, R.; Boucham, A.; Brandin, A. V.; Caines, H.; Sánchez, M. Calderón De La Barca; Cardenas, A.; Carroll, J.; Castillo, J.; Castro, M.; Cebra, D.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, Y.; Chernenko, S.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Choi, Bong‐Hyuk; Christie, W.; Coffin, J. P.; Conin, L.; Cormier, Thomas Michael; Cramer, J. G.; Crawford, H. J.; DeMello, M.; Deng, W.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Draper, J. E.; Dunin, V. B.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eckardt, V.; Efimov, L. G.; Емелянов, В.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Fachini, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flierl, D.; Foley, K. J.; Fu, J.; Gagunashvili, N.; Gans, J.; Gaudichet, L.; Germain, M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Grabski, J.; Grachov, O.; Greiner, D.; Grigoriev, V.; Guedon, M.; Gushin, E.; Hallman, T. J.; Hardtke, D.; Harris, J. W.; Heffner, M.; Heppelmann, S.; Herston, T.; Hippolyte, B.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horsley, M.; Huang, H. Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Hümmler, Holm Gero; Igo, G.; Ishihara, A.; Ivanshin, Yu.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W. W.; Janik, M. A.; Johnson, I.; Jones, P. G.; Judd, E. G.; Kaneta, M.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, S. R.; Klyachko, A.; Константинов, А. С.; Kotchenda, L.; Kovalenko, A. D.; Krämer, M.; Кравцов, П.; Krueger, K.; Kuhn, C.; Куликов, А. И.; Kunde, G. J.; Kunz, C. L.; Kutuev, R.Kh.; Кузнецов, А. А.; Lakéhal-Ayat, L.; Lamas-Valverde, J.; Lamont, M. A.C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lange, S.; Lansdell, C. P.; Lasiuk, B.; Laue, F.; Lebedev, A.; LeCompte, T.; Lednický, R.; Leontiev, V. M.; Leszczyński, P.; LeVine, M. J.; Li, Q.; Lindenbaum, S. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; LoCurto, G.; Long, H.; Longacre, R. S.; Lopez-Noriega, M.; Love, W. A.; Lynn, D.; Majka, R.; Maliszewski, A.; Margetis, S.; Martin, L.; Marx, J. N.; Matis, H. S.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; McShane, T. S.; Meißner, F.; Melnick, Yu; Meschanin, A.; Messer, M.; Miller, Michael L.; Milosevich, Z.; Minaev, N. G.; Mitchell, J. T.; Moiseenko, V. A.; Moltz, D. M.; Moore, C. F.; Morozov, V.; Moura, M. M. de; Munhoz, M. G.; Mutchler, G. S.; Nelson, J. M.; Nevski, P.; Никитин, В. А.; Nogach, L. V.; Norman, B.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Okorokov, V.; Oldenburg, M.; Olson, D.; Paić, G.; Pandey, S. U.; Panebratsev, Y.; Panitkin, S.; Pavlinov, A. I.; Pawlak, T.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Peryt, W.; Petrov, V.; Pinganaud, W.; Platner, E.D.; Pluta, J.; Porile, N.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Potrebenikova, E.; Prindle, D.; Pruneau, C.; Radomski, S.; Rai, G.; Ravel, O.; Ray, R. L.; Razin, S. V.; Reichhold, D.; Reid, J. G.; Retière, F.; Ridiger, A.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J.; Rogachevski, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roy, C.; Russ, D.; Rykov, V. L.; Sakrejda, I.; Sandweiss, J.; Saulys, A. C.; Savin, I.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schweda, K.; Schmitz, N.; Schroeder, L. S.; Schüttauf, A.; Seger, J.; Seliverstov, D. M.; Seyboth, P.; Shahaliev, E.; Shestermanov, K. E.; Shimanskii, S. S.; Shvetcov, V. S.; Škoro, G.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, Raimond; Sowiński, J.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stephenson, E. J.; Stock, R.; Stolpovsky, A.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Stroebele, H.; Struck, C.; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo; Sugarbaker, E.; Suire, C.; Šumbera, M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Toledo, A. Szanto de; Szarwas, P.; Takahashi, J.; Tang, A. H.; Thomas, J. H.; Tikhomirov, Vladimiro; Trainor, T. A.; Trentalange, S.; Tokarev, M.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trofimov, V.; Tsai, O. D.; Turner, K.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Buren, G. Van; VanderMolen, A. M.; Vanyashin, A.; Vasilevski, I. M.; Vasiliev, A.; Vigdor, S. E.; Voloshin, S. A.; Wang, F.; Ward, H.; Watson, J. W.; Wells, R.; Wenaus, T.; Westfall, G. D.; Whitten, C.; Wieman, H.; Willson, R.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Xu, N.; Xu, Z.; Yakutin, A. E.; Yamamoto, E.; Yang, Jing; Yepes, P.; Yokosawa, A.; Yurevich, V. I.; Zanevski, Y. V.; Zborovský, I.; Zhang, W. M.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zubarev, A. N.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.112303

Cited by 170 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The experimental data are from Refs. [1,3,4,35,[29][30][31][32][33][34]. The data from the PHENIX collaboration denoted by PHENIX 1 and 2 can be found in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluon saturation and energy dependence of hadron multiplicity inppandAAcollisions at the LHC

Levin

Rezaeian

2011

Phys. Rev. D

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The recent results in ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 2:76 TeV Pb þ Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reported by the ALICE collaboration shows that the power-law energy-dependence of charged hadron multiplicity in Pb þ Pb collisions is significantly different from p þ p collisions. We show that this different energydependence can be explained by inclusion of a strong angular-ordering in the gluon-decay cascade within the color glass condensate (or gluon saturation) approach. This effect is more important in nucleusnucleus collisions where the saturation scale is larger than 1 GeV. Our prescription gives a good description of the LHC data both in p þ p and Pb þ Pb collisions.

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“…The experimental data are from Refs. [1,3,4,35,[29][30][31][32][33][34]. The data from the PHENIX collaboration denoted by PHENIX 1 and 2 can be found in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluon saturation and energy dependence of hadron multiplicity inppandAAcollisions at the LHC

Levin

Rezaeian

2011

Phys. Rev. D

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“…[9] and not shown in the figure. 2 (color online). Charged-particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity normalized to the number of participants, calculated with the Glauber model, for p þ Pb, p þ Au, and d þ Au [8,9] collisions as a function of ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi s NN p , compared to NSD [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and inelastic [12,[17][18][19] pp (p " p) collisions as well as central heavy-ion [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] [28]) are superimposed on the NSD pp (p " p) and central heavy-ion data, respectively, while / s 0:10 NN (from Ref. [18]) is superimposed on the inelastic pp (p " p) data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary particles are defined as prompt particles produced in the collision, including decay products, except those from weak decays of strange particles. The data are compared to model predictions [3][4][5][6][7] and to measurements in proton-nucleus [8,9], NSD [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and inelastic [12,[17][18][19] pp (p " p) as well as central heavy-ion [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] collisions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A forward-backward asymmetry between the proton and lead hemispheres is clearly visible. The measurement is compared to particle production models [3][4][5][6][7] that describe similar measurements in other collision systems [9,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The two-component models [4,6] combine perturbative QCD processes with soft interactions and include nuclear modification of the initial parton distributions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pseudorapidity Density of Charged Particles inp+PbCollisions atsNN=5.02
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. Lett.
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187
9
91
0
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The charged-particle pseudorapidity density measured over four units of pseudorapidity in nonsinglediffractive p þ Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi s NN p ¼ 5:02 TeV is presented. The average value at midrapidity is measured to be 16:81 AE 0:71 ðsystÞ, which corresponds to 2:14 AE 0:17 ðsystÞ per participating nucleon, calculated with the Glauber model. This is 16% lower than in nonsingle-diffractive pp collisions interpolated to the same collision energy and 84% higher than in d þ Au collisions at ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi s NN p ¼ 0:2 TeV. The measured pseudorapidity density in p þ Pb collisions is compared to model predictions and provides new constraints on the description of particle production in high-energy nuclear collisions.

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“…The impact parameter of a heavy-ion collision, b, is not a directly measurable quantity. In experiments, the centrality of a collision has to be inferred from the amount of hits [1][2][3][4][5][6], or energy [7][8][9] a certain collision produces in a specific detector. Its relation with the impact parameter is not one-to-one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the impact parameter of proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions

2018

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In proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collision experiments, one determines the centrality of a collision according to the multiplicity or energy deposited in a detector. This serves as a proxy for the true collision centrality, as defined by the impact parameter. We show that the probability distribution of impact parameter in a given bin of experiment-defined centrality can be reconstructed without assuming any specific model for the collision dynamics, in both proton-nucleus and nucleusnucleus systems. The reconstruction is reliable up to about 10% centrality, and is more accurate for nucleus-nucleus collisions. We perform an application of our procedure to experimental data from all the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collaborations, from which we extract, in Pb+Pb and p+Pb collisions, the corresponding distributions of impact parameter.

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Multiplicity Distribution and Spectra of Negatively Charged Hadrons inAu+AuCollisions atsNN

Cited by 170 publications

References 27 publications

Gluon saturation and energy dependence of hadron multiplicity inppandAAcollisions at the LHC

Gluon saturation and energy dependence of hadron multiplicity inppandAAcollisions at the LHC

Pseudorapidity Density of Charged Particles inp+PbCollisions atsNN=5.02
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. Lett.
Self Cite
187
9
91
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reconstructing the impact parameter of proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions

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Multiplicity Distribution and Spectra of Negatively Charged Hadrons inAu+AuCollisions atsNN

Cited by 170 publications

References 27 publications

Gluon saturation and energy dependence of hadron multiplicity inppandAAcollisions at the LHC

Gluon saturation and energy dependence of hadron multiplicity inppandAAcollisions at the LHC

Pseudorapidity Density of Charged Particles inp+PbCollisions atsNN=5.02 Abelev1, Adam2, Adamová3 et al. 2013Phys. Rev. Lett.Self Cite1879910View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Reconstructing the impact parameter of proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions

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Pseudorapidity Density of Charged Particles inp+PbCollisions atsNN=5.02
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. Lett.
Self Cite
187
9
91
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite