Multiplication and persistence of Acholeplasma spp. in leafhoppers

Eden-Green, S. J.; Markham, P. G.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(87)90053-x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Other Acholeplasma species such as A. laidlawii , A. axanthum and A. oculi were also detected on plant surfaces [Brown et al, 2011]. In addition, acholeplasmas including A. pleciae, A. laidlawii and A. morum were identified in pools of insects such as Anopheles sinensis and Armigeres subalbatus and may multiply in phytoplasma vectors [Edengreen and Markham, 1987]. However, no acholeplasma primary pathogen has been described to date.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Complete Genomes of Acholeplasma brassicae, A. palmae and A. laidlawii and Their Comparison to the Obligate Parasites from ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma'

et al. 2013

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Analysis of the completely determined genomes of the plant-derived Acholeplasma brassicae strain O502 and A. palmae strain J233 revealed that the circular chromosomes are 1,877,792 and 1,554,229 bp in size, have a G + C content of 36 and 29%, and encode 1,690 and 1,439 proteins, respectively. Comparative analysis of these sequences and previously published genomes of A. laidlawii strain PG-8, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' strains, ‘Ca. P. australiense' and ‘Ca. P. mali' show a limited shared basic genetic repertoire. The acholeplasma genomes are characterized by a low number of rearrangements, duplication and integration events. Exceptions are the unusual duplication of rRNA operons in A. brassicae and an independently introduced second gene for a single-stranded binding protein in both genera. In contrast to phytoplasmas, the acholeplasma genomes differ by encoding the cell division protein FtsZ, a wide variety of ABC transporters, the F₀F₁ ATP synthase, the Rnf-complex, SecG of the Sec-dependent secretion system, a richly equipped repertoire for carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid, isoprenoid and partial amino acid metabolism. Conserved metabolic proteins encoded in phytoplasma genomes such as the malate dehydrogenase SfcA, several transporters and proteins involved in host-interaction, and virulence-associated effectors were not predicted for the acholeplasmas.

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Complete Genomes of Acholeplasma brassicae, A. palmae and A. laidlawii and Their Comparison to the Obligate Parasites from ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma'

et al. 2013

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“…colonizes a wide variety of habitats as saprophytes and has been described as commensal in vertebrates, insects and plants (Kube et al, 2014). Acholeplasma species such as A. laidlawii, A. axanthum and A. oculi have been detected on plant surfaces (Brown and Johansson, 2011) and A. laidlawii, A. pleciae and A. morum have been identified in insects (Edengreen and Markham, 1987). However, no representatives of Acholeplasma have been described as primary pathogens to date (Kube et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

The microbial community structure of the cotton rat nose

Chaves‐Moreno

Plumeier

Kahl

et al. 2015

Environ Microbiol Rep

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The cotton rat nose is commonly used as a model for Staphylococcus aureus colonization, as it is both physiologically and anatomically comparable to the human nares and can be easily colonized by this organism. However, while the colonization of the human anterior nares has been extensively studied, the microbial community structure of cotton rat noses has not been reported so far. We describe here the microbial community structure of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) nose through next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons covering the V1-V2 region and the analysis of nearly full length 16S rRNA genes of the major phylotypes. Roughly half of the microbial community was composed of two undescribed species of the genus Campylobacter, with phylotypes belonging to the genera Catonella, Acholeplasma, Streptobacillus and Capnocytophaga constituting the predominant community members. Thus, the nasal community of the cotton rat is uniquely composed of several novel bacterial species and may not reflect the complex interactions that occur in human anterior nares. Mammalian airway microbiota may, however, be a rich source of hitherto unknown microbes.

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“…Whether they might be pathogenic for other insects remains to be determined, either through field studies or by experimental insect inoculations (16). However, it has been clearly established that some acholeplasmas can persist and multiply in insects (9,32,34).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acholeplasma entomophilum sp. nov. from Gut Contents of a Wide Range of Host Insects

Tully

Rose

Carle³

et al. 1988

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Eleven sterol-nonkequiring mollicute strains isolated from gut contents of representatives of nine insect genera and two strains isolated from flower surfaces (Bidens sp.) were found to be serologically similar to an insect-derived acholeplasma (strain TACT [T = type strain]) described briefly in an earlier report. Strain TACT, isolated from gut fluids of a tabanid fly (Tabanus catenatus) and shown in earlier studies to belong to the class Mollicutes, lacked a sterol requiremedt for growth and catabolized glucose, but did not hydrolyze arbutin, arginine, or urea. Most strains of the strain TACT cluster grew on serum-free medium alone or on serum-free medium supplemented with a 0.04% Tween 80 fatty acid mixture. The strains grew over a temperature range of 23 to 32°C (optimum, 30°C) but did not grow at 37OC. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid was 30 mol%. Strain TACT was serologically unrelated to the ten previously established species in the genus Acholeplasma and to six other unclassified sterol-nonrequiring strains isolated from plant or insect hosts. The data suggest that this group of new acholeplasmas is widespread in insects and may be disseminated among various plant surfaces during feeding excursions. Strain TAC (= ATCC 43706) is proposed as the type strain of Acholeplasma entomophilum sp. nov.Acholeplasmas (class Mollicutes, order Acholeplasmatales) have become important models in basic studies on wall-less procaryotes, particularly in relation to membrane structure and function, microbial physiology, virus carriage, and procaryote evolution (6,19,20,27,29,35). In contrast to most other mollicutes, acholeplasmas require no cholesterol or serum supplements for growth (12,22,23). In the early history of this group, the ability of acholeplasmas to grow in simple media was frequently invoked in describing them as "saprophytes." This suspected mode of existence was also used to explain their recovery from soil and sewage (see review in reference 26). Later, however, it was established that a variety of serologically and genetically distinct acholeplasmas occurred in association with numerous animal hosts, and it was postulated that the presence of acholeplasmas in soil and sewage came from animal contact (12). Reports of the occurrence of acholeplasmas on, and perhaps in, plants (reviewed in reference 27) began to appear soon after other wall-less procaryotes were found in plant tissues (8). However, since most of these rnollicutes had the features of Acholeplasrna laidlawii, a species originally found in both animal tissues and saprophytic environments, it was not certain what role plants played in the ecology of acholeplasmas (27). In 1979, the recovery of Acholeplasma axanthum, A. oculi, and A . laidlawii from decaying crown tissues of coconut palms aHicted with "lethal yellowing disease" (10) provided substantial evidence for plant involvement in acholeplasma maintenance in nature. These and other Acholeplasrna species also were subsequently recovered from the surfaces of flow...

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Multiplication and persistence of Acholeplasma spp. in leafhoppers

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of the Complete Genomes of Acholeplasma brassicae, A. palmae and A. laidlawii and Their Comparison to the Obligate Parasites from ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma'

Analysis of the Complete Genomes of Acholeplasma brassicae, A. palmae and A. laidlawii and Their Comparison to the Obligate Parasites from ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma'

The microbial community structure of the cotton rat nose

Acholeplasma entomophilum sp. nov. from Gut Contents of a Wide Range of Host Insects

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