Biophysical cues can facilitate the cardiac differentiation
of
human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), yet the mechanism is far from
established. One of the binary colloidal crystals, composed of 5 μm
Si and 400 nm poly(methyl methacrylate) particles named 5PM, has been
applied as a substrate for hPSCs cultivation and cardiac differentiation.
In this study, cell nucleus, cytoskeleton, and epigenetic states of
human induced pluripotent stem cells on the 5PM were analyzed using
atomic force microscopy, molecular biology assays, and the assay for
transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq). Cells were
more spherical with stiffer cell nuclei on the 5PM compared to the
flat control. ATAC-seq revealed that chromatin accessibility decreased
on the 5PM, caused by the increased entry of histone lysine methyltransferase
SETDB1 into the cell nuclei and the amplified level of histone H3K9me3
modification. Reducing cytoskeleton tension using a ROCK inhibitor
attenuated the nuclear accumulation of SETDB1 on the 5PM, indicating
that the effect is cytoskeleton-dependent. In addition, the knockdown
of SETDB1 reversed the promotive effects of the 5PM on cardiac differentiation,
demonstrating that biophysical cue-induced cytoskeletal tension, cell
nucleus deformation, and then SETDB1 accumulation are critical outside-in
signal transformations in cardiac differentiation. Human embryonic
stem cells showed similar results, indicating that the biophysical
impact of the 5PM surfaces on cardiac differentiation could be universal.
These findings contribute to our understanding of material-assistant
hPSC differentiation, which benefits materiobiology and stem cell
bioengineering.