Multiplexed twin Bragg grating interferometric sensor

Shlyagin, Mikhail G.; Miridonov, Serguei V.; Borbon, Ileana Marquez; Spirin, V. V.; Swart, Pieter L.; Chtcherbakov, Anatoli A.

doi:10.1109/ofs.2002.1000534

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Interferometry offers a potential alternative, in which the sensing element is a length of fiber between a pair of partially reflecting splices 5 or a pair of matched Bragg gratings. 6 To produce these designs, single-mode fiber rather than conventional multimode POF is required. The advent of single-mode POF offers the potential for highstrain fiber sensors to exploit the advantages of interferometry.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strain and temperature sensitivity of a single-mode polymer optical fiber

et al. 2005

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We have measured the optical phase sensitivity of fiber based on poly(methyl methacrylate) under nearsingle-mode conditions at 632.8 nm wavelength. The elongation sensitivity is 131± 3 ϫ 10 5 rad m −1 and the temperature sensitivity is −212± 26 rad m −1 K −1 . These values are somewhat larger than those for silica fiber and are consistent with the values expected on the basis of the bulk polymer properties. © 2005 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2300, 060.2370 Fiber optic strain sensors offer advantages that include insensitivity to electromagnetic fields, light weight, and minimal intrusiveness 1 compared with conventional strain gauges. Fused silica, the material of choice for the majority of optical fibers, has near-ideal mechanical characteristics for many strain-sensing applications. However, fused-silica fibers have an upper strain limit of approximately 3-5% and in general are reliable only to ϳ1% strain after selection of fibers by proof testing.2 In highly loaded engineering structures such as highway bridges, buildings, and aircraft wings, transverse loading can result in large bending strains, which can induce locally high strains, so monitoring structural strain is becoming increasingly important. With the advent of new engineering materials, such as composites, the acceptable range of applied strain can exceed the breaking strain of fused-silica fiber, precluding the use of standard fiber-based strain gauges. The inherent fracture toughness and flexibility of polymer optical fibers (POFs) makes them much more suitable in high-strain applications than their glass-based counterparts. In addition, fiber Bragg gratings have recently been written into POFs, broadening their potential applications. 3POF sensors for strain and curvature measurement have been reported in the literature. 4 However, these measurements have generally been intensiometric measurements made with multimode fibers. Whereas robust sensors have been demonstrated to use intensity modulating mechanisms, they are susceptible to unwanted intensity losses, for example, bend loss or connector loss, and to variations in source power. These losses may be addressed technically, by use of additional reference power measurements, for example, but an alternative to intensity measurement is desirable. Interferometry offers a potential alternative, in which the sensing element is a length of fiber between a pair of partially reflecting splices 5 or a pair of matched Bragg gratings. 6 To produce these designs, single-mode fiber rather than conventional multimode POF is required. The advent of single-mode POF offers the potential for highstrain fiber sensors to exploit the advantages of interferometry. We report here interferometric measurement of the optical phase sensitivities of single-mode POF versus strain and temperature changes.The POF (Paradigm Optics) used in these experiments had a cladding diameter of ϳ125 m (commercial acrylic with n = 1.4905) and a core diameter of 6 m [poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped with Ͻ3% polysty...

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confidence: 99%

Strain and temperature sensitivity of a single-mode polymer optical fiber

et al. 2005

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“…Combining our study (this work) and the analysis presented in Ref. [3], the experimental sensing system described by Shlyagin et al [4,5] can be optimized. The optimization will be on signal processing, local sensor properties, sensitivity, resolution and instrumentation parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In Refs. [4,5] two experimental sensing systems where twin-grating fiber optic sensors were applied on wavelength-division multiplexing were reported. The first optical system consisted of two wavelength channels.…”

Section: Capacity Of Wavelength-division Multiplexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twin-Grating Fiber Optic Sensors Applied on Wavelength- Division Multiplexing and Its Numerical Resolution

Bonilla¹,

Guillén-Bonilla²,

Zamora³

et al. 2018

Numerical Simulations in Engineering and Science

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In this work, the twin-grating fiber optic sensor has been applied on wavelength-division multiplexing. A quasi-distributed sensor formed by three local twin-grating sensors, is numerically simulated. The wavelength channels were 1531.5, 1535.5, and 1539.5 nm. The numerical simulation shows the resolution vs. signal-to-noise rate. Three local twingrating sensors have approximately the same resolution because all local sensors have the same cavity length and the wavelength channels are very close. All local sensors have two numerical resolutions because the Fourier domain phase analysis algorithm makes two evaluations of the Bragg wavelength shift. The transition between both resolutions can be calculated with the parameters: cavity length, Bragg wavelength channel, refraction index, and enveloped resolution. This transition depends on the noise system, demodulation algorithm, instrumentation, and local sensor properties. A very important point is, a theoretical analysis will permit to know the exact resolution for each local twingrating sensor.

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“…However, the multiplexing capacities of many of these techniques are limited to only a few sensors due to various factors including cross-talk, limited power budget and wavelength bandwidth. To increase the multiplexing capacity, several hybrid systems using two or more basic techniques have been developed [11,12,13,14,15]. These hybrid systems offer us some benefits such as cost savings per sensing point and enhancement of the competitiveness of fiber-optic sensors in their rivalry with conventional sensor technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Analysis, Signal Demodulation and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Based on FDM/WDM Techniques and Fabry-Pérot Interferometers

Bonilla

Guillén-Bonilla

Betancourtt

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In civil engineering quasi-distributed optical fiber sensors are used for reinforced concrete monitoring, precast concrete monitoring, temperature monitoring, strain monitoring and temperature/strain monitoring. These quasi-distributed sensors necessarily apply some multiplexing technique. However, on many occasions, two or more multiplexing techniques are combined to increase the number of local sensors and then the cost of each sensing point is reduced. In this work, a signal analysis and a new signal demodulation algorithm are reported for a quasi-distributed optic fiber sensor system based on Frequency Division Multiplexing/Wavelength Division Multiplexing (FDM/WDM) and low-precision Fabry-Pérot interferometers. The mathematical analysis and the new algorithm optimize its design, its implementation, improve its functionality and reduce the cost per sensing point. The analysis was corroborated by simulating a quasi-distributed sensor in operation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are in concordance. The optimization considers multiplexing techniques, signal demodulation, physical parameters, system noise, instrumentation, and detection technique. Based on our analysis and previous results reported, the optical sensing system can have more than 4000 local sensors and it has practical applications in civil engineering.

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Multiplexed twin Bragg grating interferometric sensor

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Strain and temperature sensitivity of a single-mode polymer optical fiber

Strain and temperature sensitivity of a single-mode polymer optical fiber

Twin-Grating Fiber Optic Sensors Applied on Wavelength- Division Multiplexing and Its Numerical Resolution

Signal Analysis, Signal Demodulation and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Based on FDM/WDM Techniques and Fabry-Pérot Interferometers

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