Multiplex SNP‐SCALE: a cost‐effective medium‐throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping method

Kenta, Tanaka; Gratten, Jacob; Haigh, N. S.; Hinten, G.; Slate, Jon; Butlin, Roger K.; Burke, Terry

doi:10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02190.x

Cited by 66 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Each multiplex reaction contained 1 Â Qiagen multiplex master mix, 0.2 mM of each primer and 0.5 Â Q-solution. After drying 1 ml of DNA (c. 10 ng ml À1 ) for 15 min at 52 1C in a 384-well PCR plate (Greiner Bio-One, Stonehouse, UK), multiplex reactions were performed in a total volume of 2 ml (Kenta et al, 2008). Following reaction times described in the multiplex kit manual, a touch-down profile was used, starting with a 15-min denaturation at 95 1C, followed by denaturation at 94 1C for 30 s, annealing at initially 61 1C for 90 s and extension at 72 1C for 1 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using genetic methods to investigate dispersal in two badger (Meles meles) populations with different ecological characteristics

et al. 2009

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Understanding the dispersal behaviour of a species is important for understanding its ecology and evolution. Dispersal in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is believed to be very limited, with social groups forming primarily through the retention of offspring. However, most of our knowledge of dispersal in this species comes from studies of high-density populations in the United Kingdom, where badgers are atypical in their behaviour, physiology, ecology and prey specialization. In this study we use genetic methods to compare dispersal patterns in a British and a Swiss population that differ in their ecology and demography. We present well-supported evidence that badgers disperse much further in the low-density continental population, where dispersal may also be female biased. Limited dispersal thus seems not to be an intrinsic behavioural characteristic of the species. Rather, dispersal patterns seem to vary depending on population demography and, ultimately, habitat quality and characteristics. This could have important management consequences, as dispersal can affect the impact of local extinction, and host dispersal has a particularly important role in disease transmission. Even though concentrated studies of a species in a single location may not provide representative data for the species, there are few mammalian studies that compare demography and dispersal patterns across contrasting habitats. Our results provide an example of phenotypic plasticity and suggest that dispersal is determined by the interaction of individual, social and environmental factors that may differ between populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using genetic methods to investigate dispersal in two badger (Meles meles) populations with different ecological characteristics

et al. 2009

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“…The 24 loci were amplified in three separate PCR multiplex procedures. Each 4 ml multiplex PCR (Kenta et al 2008) contained approximately 2 ng of DNA, 0.05-2.4 mM of each primer and 2 ml of 2! QIAGEN Multiplex PCR Master Mix.…”

Section: (A) Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent colonization of multiple urban centres by a formerly forest specialist bird species

et al. 2009

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Urban areas are expanding rapidly, but a few native species have successfully colonized them. The processes underlying such colonization events are poorly understood. Using the blackbird Turdus merula, a former forest specialist that is now one of the most common urban birds in its range, we provide the first assessment of two contrasting urban colonization models. First, that urbanization occurred independently. Second, that following initial urbanization, urban-adapted individuals colonized other urban areas in a leapfrog manner. Previous analyses of spatial patterns in the timing of blackbird urbanization, and experimental introductions of urban and rural blackbirds to uncolonized cities, suggest that the leapfrog model is likely to apply. We found that, across the western Palaearctic, urban blackbird populations contain less genetic diversity than rural ones, urban populations are more strongly differentiated from each other than from rural populations and assignment tests support a rural source population for most urban individuals. In combination, these results provide much stronger support for the independent urbanization model than the leapfrog one. If the former model predominates, colonization of multiple urban centres will be particularly difficult when urbanization requires genetic adaptations, having implications for urban species diversity.

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“…We genotyped each mosquito individually using 11 microsatellites originally isolated from C. quinquefasciatus or C. pipiens (Fonseca et al 1998;Keyghobadi et al 2004;Smith et al 2005) in two fluorescently labelled multiplexes (table A1 in the electronic supplementary material). Multiplex PCR was performed in a 2 ml volume containing approximately 10 ng of desiccated DNA, 0.2-0.3 mM of each primer and 1 ml of QIAGEN four-dye system Multiplex PCR Master Mix (Kenta et al 2008). The PCR program used was 958C for 15 min, followed by 35 cycles of 948C for 30 s, 548C for 90 s, 728C for 60 s, and finally 608C for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for regular ongoing introductions of mosquito disease vectors into the Galápagos Islands

et al. 2009

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Wildlife on isolated oceanic islands is highly susceptible to the introduction of pathogens. The recent establishment in the Galápagos Islands of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus , a vector for diseases such as avian malaria and West Nile fever, is considered a serious risk factor for the archipelago's endemic fauna. Here we present evidence from the monitoring of aeroplanes and genetic analysis that C. quinquefasciatus is regularly introduced via aircraft into the Galápagos Archipelago. Genetic population structure and admixture analysis demonstrates that these mosquitoes breed with, and integrate successfully into, already-established populations of C. quinquefasciatus in the Galápagos, and that there is ongoing movement of mosquitoes between islands. Tourist cruise boats and inter-island boat services are the most likely mechanism for transporting Culex mosquitoes between islands. Such anthropogenic mosquito movements increase the risk of the introduction of mosquito-borne diseases novel to Galápagos and their subsequent widespread dissemination across the archipelago. Failure to implement and maintain measures to prevent the human-assisted transport of mosquitoes to and among the islands could have catastrophic consequences for the endemic wildlife of Galápagos.

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Multiplex SNP‐SCALE: a cost‐effective medium‐throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping method

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

Using genetic methods to investigate dispersal in two badger (Meles meles) populations with different ecological characteristics

Using genetic methods to investigate dispersal in two badger (Meles meles) populations with different ecological characteristics

Independent colonization of multiple urban centres by a formerly forest specialist bird species

Evidence for regular ongoing introductions of mosquito disease vectors into the Galápagos Islands

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