Multiplex PCR for detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria equi in equids of Punjab, India

Sumbria, Deepak; Singla, L. D.; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Bal, Mandeep Singh; Kumar, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.018

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Regarding various farm practices under study, due to the breech in management practices in the unorganized farm (Table 3), the incidence of direct contact with tick vectors increases resulting in significant amplification of infection (Kouam et al 2010;Moretti et al 2010;Abutarbush et al 2012;Steinmana et al, 2012;Peckle et al 2013;Sumbria et al 2015). Similar significant result was noted by serological testing also (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Analysis of host species as a risk factor revealed that as temperature increases and relative humidity decreases from north-east to south-west of Punjab province, so infection rate increases toward the south-west both by molecular and serological techniques (19.67 and 82.79 %, respectively) because these conditions are favourable for the tick (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum) to propagate (Haque et al 2011). The donkeys/mules possessed significantly higher prevalence of T. equi (35 %) than horses (11.88 %), as, generally, donkeys/mules are kept outdoors under poor living condition for daily transport and farm activities, thereby being more exposed to ticks (Kouam et al 2010;Sumbria et al 2015). A similar trend was noted in sero-positive animals for T. equi, though non-significant (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection of equids in Punjab, India: a serological and molecular survey

Sumbria

Singla

Sharma

2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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A cross-sectional study was conducted in Submountain undulating, Undulating plain, Western and Western plain agro-climatic zones of Punjab province, India, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and associated related risk factors of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection in equids (horses, donkey, mules). An overall prevalence of 14.14 and 0.0% of T. equi and B. caballi was recorded by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for both the parasites and 75 and 1.11% by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a representative sample of 180 animals. Only two animals with positive antibody titre from B. caballi and none with PCR indicated T. equi as the predominant haemoprotozoan responsible for equine piroplasmosis in the study area. Among the PCR-positive animals, presence of tick vectors in farm vicinity was the most influential associated with T. equi infection (P = 0.002; odds ratio (OR) 9.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.32-27.10). For animals with higher anti-T. equi antibody titres, strong association of sero-prevalence for T. equi was recorded with age, sex, usage, tick infestation and deworming/vaccination status of host animals and farm management strategies. The study has demonstrated the possible absence of B. caballi in both conducive and non-conducive areas of Punjab and demonstrated T. equi as the potential agent of equine piroplasmosis in Punjab.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection of equids in Punjab, India: a serological and molecular survey

Sumbria

Singla

Sharma

2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…The assessment of various risk factors demonstrated that the prevalence of infection in female equines (OR = 3.13, 2.11 by CATT/T. evansi and iELISA, respectively) was greater than that in their male counterparts, probably due to their use as both draught and breeding animals (19,25). In this study, a markedly lower prevalence was observed in equines less than 2 years of age, when compared with adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Comparative seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in equines from different agro-climatic zones of Punjab (India)

Sumbria¹,

Singla²,

Kumar³

et al. 2017

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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As parasitaemia is low and fluctuating during the chronic stage of infection, accurate detection of Trypanosoma evansi in blood is difficult. The primary aims of this investigation were to assess for the first time the seroprevalence of T. evansi in all agro-climatic zones of Punjab, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and card agglutination test (CATT/T. evansi), and to evaluate the risk factors associated with latent trypanosomosis. A total of 319 equine serum samples collected from 12 districts of Punjab (India) belonging to different agro-climatic zones revealed 39 (12.23%) and 9 (2.82%) samples to be positive by CATT/T. evansi and iELISA, respectively. The highest prevalence was recorded from the Ludhiana district (42.86% and 7.14% by CATT/T. evansi and iELISA, respectively) in the central plain zone (for which the overall prevalence was 15% and 4.17%, respectively). There was fair agreement between the tests for the detection of T. evansi (kappa = 0.345). Species was the most influential risk factor for infection, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.81 and 5.63 for donkeys/ mules, in comparison with horses, by CATT/T. evansi and iELISA, respectively. The female equine population (OR = 3.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-7.67 [CATT]) was found to be at a higher risk of seropositivity for T. evansi, particularly on 'unorganised' (inappropriately managed) farms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI = 1.53- 6.65 [CATT]) and among animals used for commercial purposes (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.20-5.21 [CATT]). In conclusion, to declare disease-free status, use of the iELISA followed by retesting of suspect samples by CATT/T. evansi is suggested.

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“…The disease is coincident with the distribution of the tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) and other flies which acts as a vector for the parasite (Sumbria et al, 2015) and infests an area of some 10 million square kilometer encompassing 36 countries in Africa (Black and Seed, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and the associated risk factors of bovine trypanosomiasis in nyangatom pastoral woreda, Southern Nation and Nationalities People Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia

Kassa¹,

Megerssa²

2017

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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A cross-sectional study was carried out in Nyangatom wereda of South Omo zone, Southern Nation and Nationalities People Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia with the general objectives to find out the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis and the risk factors associated with its prevalence from January to June 2015. To identify the protozoa blood samples (n =384) collected from the marginal ear vein of indigenous zebu cattle of more than one year age and both the sexes from three kebeles were examined by buffy coat technique, direct blood smear, thick blood smear and thin blood smear after staining. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomaisis was 26.3%. On peasant associations (PA'S) basis Lebere kebele has the highest prevalence 39(30.5%) followed by Shenkora kebele 34 (26.6%) and Ayipa kebele 28 (21.9%). Trypanosoma congolense is the most prevalent species (14.3%) followed by Trypanosoma vivax (5.70%) and Trypanosoma brucei (5.50%). A significant association was observed (P<0.05) between the disease positivity and age, sex and body condition score. The prevalence of trypanosomiasis was 16.20 and 31.50% in young and adult respectively. The prevalence 42.80 and 16.30 % in poor and good body condition score respectively. There was significant association between the risk factors and the species of trypanosomiasis (P<0.05). The result of the present study revealed that trypanosomiasis is the most important problem for animal production in the study area. Strategic control of bovine trypanosomiasis should be strengthened to improve livestock production and agricultural development in the area.

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Multiplex PCR for detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria equi in equids of Punjab, India

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection of equids in Punjab, India: a serological and molecular survey

Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection of equids in Punjab, India: a serological and molecular survey

Comparative seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in equines from different agro-climatic zones of Punjab (India)

Prevalence and the associated risk factors of bovine trypanosomiasis in nyangatom pastoral woreda, Southern Nation and Nationalities People Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia

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