Multiple β‐diversity patterns and the underlying mechanisms across amphibian communities along a subtropical elevational gradient

Abstract

Aim: Mountain systems offer excellent opportunities to understand β-diversity patterns and the processes driving them. However, β-diversity patterns and the underlying mechanisms that lead to dissimilarity in mountain amphibian communities across elevational gradients remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate how amphibian communities respond to environmental gradients with elevation and to explore how different ecological mechanisms drive elevational β-diversity.Location: A 2600-m elevational gradient along Mount Emei in southwestern China. Methods:We investigated elevational patterns and assembly processes of pairwise β-diversity across three dimensions (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional) in turnover (i.e., species replacement) and nestedness-resultant (i.e., species lose/gain) for amphibians. We compared multifaceted β-diversity components and assessed the extent to which β-diversity responded to environmental and elevational distances. We also quantified the standardized effect size of β-diversity and its components using null models to examine the dynamics of niche-based and neutral processes. Results:The turnover component dominated taxonomic β-diversity, whereas nestedness was relatively more important for phylogenetic and functional dissimilarity. Moreover, taxonomic total dissimilarity and turnover were higher than their phylogenetic and functional analogues. Our results indicated a significant distance-decay effect for multifaceted β-diversity of amphibians on Mount Emei and found that effects and directions of predictors on multifaceted β-diversity were different, with temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, and elevational distance acting as the most important factors. Comparing observed patterns with null-model expectations, environmental filtering, and competitive exclusion may jointly drive elevational patterns of β-diversity.Main conclusions: Our study emphasizes the importance of partitioning taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional components of β-diversity and community assembly when determining β-diversity drivers. Although it is difficult to distinguish random communities from outcomes of niche-based processes, this work highlights the

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