Multiple transmitter localization via single receiver in 3-D molecular communication via diffusion

Yetimoglu, Oguzhan; Avci, M. Kerem; Akdeniz, Bayram Cevdet; Yilmaz, H. Birkan; Pusane, Alí Emre; Tuǧcu, Tuna

doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2021.103185

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The next step after the abnormality detection is to localize the abnormality. The MC literature has recently proposed schemes to estimate the location of the transmitter as a source of releasing molecules that leads to a diffusion field [55]- [59]. In many abnormality localization applications, the navigation of a swarm of sensors towards the intended region is of high interest, e.g., in the targeted drug delivery systems [60] and macro-scale robot-assisted surveillance systems [61].…”

Section: State-of-the-art Mc-based Adl Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormality Detection and Localization Schemes Using Molecular Communication Systems: A Survey

et al. 2023

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Abnormality detection and localization (ADL) have been studied widely in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) literature, where the sensors use electromagnetic waves for communication. Molecular communication (MC) has been introduced as an alternative approach for ADL in particular areas such as healthcare, being able to tackle the shortcomings of conventional WSNs, such as invasiveness, bioincompatibility, and high energy consumption. In this paper, we introduce a general framework for MCbased ADL, which consists of multiple tiers for sensing the abnormality and communication between different agents, including the sensors, the fusion center (FC), the gateway (GW), and the external node (e.g., a local cloud), and describe each tier and the agents in this framework. We classify and explain different abnormality recognition methods, the functional units of the sensors, and different sensor features. Further, we describe different types of interfaces required for converting the internal and external signals at the FC and GW. Moreover, we present a unified channel model for the sensing and communication links. We categorize the MC-based abnormality detection schemes based on the sensor mobility, cooperative detection, and cooperative sensing/activation. We also classify the localization approaches based on the sensor mobility and propulsion mechanisms and present a general framework for the externally-controllable localization systems. Finally, we present some challenges and future research directions to realize and develop MC-based systems for ADL. The important challenges in the MC-based systems lie in four main directions as implementation, system design, modeling, and methods, which need considerable attention from multidisciplinary perspectives.

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Section: State-of-the-art Mc-based Adl Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormality Detection and Localization Schemes Using Molecular Communication Systems: A Survey

et al. 2023

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“…In the power control scheme, based on (31), Nrx,k is now the target average number of received molecules (set as a system parameter); P k−i+1 is the transmitter's estimate of arrival probability k − i + 1 time instants after transmission, which is a function of the transmitter's distance estimates; and N tx,i is the number of molecules transmitted at time i.…”

Section: A Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the kth time slot, after N tx,k molecules which controlled by the transmitter based on (31) are released by the transmitter, the statistical properties of molecules observed by the receiver can be expressed as…”

Section: B Statistical Properties Of the Received Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional approaches to distance estimation include detecting the peak of the channel impulse response [22], [23], jointly estimating distance alongside other parameters [24], [25], pilot symbols [26] or feedback [27]. Alternatively, nanomachine localization methods are proposed in [28]- [31], making the position of the nanomachine known, whether that knowledge is exact or noisy. In [28], considering ringshaped observing receivers, the location of the transmitter is analyzed in a vessel-like environment for diffusion-dominated motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Extended Kalman Filter for Distance Estimation and Power Control in Mobile Molecular Communication

Jing¹,

Li²,

Eckford³

2022

Preprint

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In this paper, we consider a mobile molecular communication (MC) system consisting of two mobile nanomachines, a transmitter and a receiver, propelled by a positive drift velocity and Brownian motion in a realistic blood-vessel-type flow regime. Considering the nonlinear movement of the nanomachines, an extended Kalman filter is employed to estimate the distance from the transmitter. Furthermore, based on the predicted distance, to keep the number of received molecules for bit 1 at a stable level, we employ power control on the number of transmitted molecules based on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver and the residual molecules in the channel from the previous transmission. Finally, the optimal detection threshold is obtained by minimizing the error probability. It is verified that a fixed optimal detection threshold can be effective for the power control scheme in the mobile MC. The bit error rate (BER) performance of our scheme is verified via simulation results.

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“…where D is the diffusion constant. However, there is a probability that although these molecules are within V at time t, they might have crossed one of the boundaries and returned to V at a time t ′ < t. Therefore, the simple approach outlined with (1) and ( 2) overestimates the number of molecules within the boundaries and only works for infinite dimensions [46,47].…”

Section: A Perfectly Absorbing Perisynaptic Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Clearance by Perfectly Absorbing Boundaries in Synaptic Molecular Communications

Koca

Akan

2022

IEEE Access

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Molecular reuptake is a nature-inspired channel clearance strategy to mitigate intersymbol interference (ISI) in molecular communications. Reuptake is especially important if the communication medium is not cleared of the information-carrying molecules by other means, and if it is not done properly, it decreases the maximum signal rate. In a more practical sense, in nature, reuptake failure may be detrimental to the organisms. Many neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, are related to problems with the reuptake mechanisms in synaptic molecular communications (SMC). To understand the evolutionary solution to the ISI, we start with the glutamate reuptake process as part of SMC. We develop a stochastic approach to the reuptake problem and derive analytic expressions for the probability of absorption for rectangular volumes. To test the validity of perfectly absorbing boundary approximation for real systems, we derive the rate of first incidence and average glutamate transport time for EAAT2, the most prevalent transport molecule. When applied to SMC, our results indicate that perfectly absorbing boundaries assumption is not possible according to the available physiological data, due to the limited number of transporters and the finite amount of time a transporter requires to reuptake a glutamate molecule.

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Multiple transmitter localization via single receiver in 3-D molecular communication via diffusion

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Abnormality Detection and Localization Schemes Using Molecular Communication Systems: A Survey

Abnormality Detection and Localization Schemes Using Molecular Communication Systems: A Survey

An Extended Kalman Filter for Distance Estimation and Power Control in Mobile Molecular Communication

Channel Clearance by Perfectly Absorbing Boundaries in Synaptic Molecular Communications

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