Multiple sclerosis patients express increased levels of β-nerve growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid

Involvement of AMPK, IKβα-NFκB and eNOS in the sildenafil anti-inflammatory mechanism in a demyelination model

“…This interaction protects CNS integrity and aids recovery after inflammation (Words, 2001). Also, levels of NGF increase in the cerebrospinal fluid (Laudiero et al, 1992) and optic nerves (Micera et al, 1999) of patients affected by MS. This may represent a mechanism of response to promote tissue repair and protect against CNS tissue inflammation.…”

Nerve Growth Factor Protects Oligodendrocytes from Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Injury through Akt-mediated Signaling Mechanisms

“…Similar results were obtained using myr-Akt, Akt-AA, and da-MEK recombinant adenoviruses (data not shown). D and E, OLGs were infected with recombinant adenovirus for 24 h, and the LMP (D) and cell survival (E) were measured as described in the legends to Figs Increased levels of NGF are seen in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients affected by MS (21,22). Akt phosphorylation is highly increased in the hippocampal region after transient cerebral ischemia (89).…”

“…The chemical inhibitors acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-aldehyde (a specific inhibitor of caspase-1 (interleukin-1␤-converting enzyme)-like proteases) and acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (a specific inhibitor of caspase-3 (CPP32)-like proteases) and the baculovirus caspase inhibitor p35 enhance the survival of TNF-␣-treated OLGs, suggesting that caspase-mediated cell death pathways are activated in TNF-␣-induced OLG cell death (6,18). Among the neurotrophic factors, nerve growth factor (NGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor levels have been shown to increase in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients affected by MS (21,22). Up-regulation of these neurotrophic factors seems to be one of the defense mechanisms of neural cells against the inflammatory response in MS.…”

Nerve Growth Factor: An Important Molecule in Allergic Inflammation and Tissue Remodelling

“…If we consider that NGF is also increased in the serum of active SLE patients [17]and accumulates in cerebrospinal fluid and tissues of systemic sclerosis sufferers [18, 19]we might speculate that NGF is increased in inflammatory conditions with a Th2 profile. The association between allergic diseases and increased serum NGF values might suggest two different interpretation hypotheses.…”