Multiple sclerosis is associated with high levels of circulating dendritic cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines

Haplotypes of the interleukin 7 receptor alpha gene are correlated with altered expression in whole blood cells in multiple sclerosis

“…There is increasing evidence that the innate immune system contributes to MS pathogenesis. Vaknin-Dembinsky et al 28 have reported higher levels of the Th17 survival cytokine, IL23, in dendritic cells in MS. Huang et al 29 have reported that there are higher levels of dendritic cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines in RRMS, and recently, Karni et al 30 identified myeloid dendritic cells as drivers of the inflammatory response in RRMS and especially secondary progressive MS.…”

Impact of Mast Cells on Multiple Sclerosis: Inhibitory Effect of Natalizumab

“…MS is considered to be a T-cell-mediated disease and the innate immune cells can mediate MS pathogenesis (7). Cytokines, such as interleukins, chemokines and interferons, are low-molecular-weight soluble polypeptides released by immune cells as well as other cell types, including cells of the CNS like microglia and astrocytes (8)(9). They are produced in response to microbes and other antigens, regulate immune and inflammatory responses, and act in paracrine and autocrine manners (10).…”

Multifactor dimensionality reduction reveals gene–gene interactions associated with multiple sclerosis susceptibility in African Americans

“…They Association study of multiple sclerosis in African Americans D Brassat et al participate in the initiation and regulation of adaptive immunity against pathogens and in triggering autoimmunity. Several lines of evidence indicate an important role of DCs in MS. First, elevated levels of circulating dendritic cells have been associated with MS. 27 Also, there is evidence of the unusual presence of DCs in the brain lesions of MS patients. 28,29 Dendritic cells develop from CD14 þ monocyte precursor cells.…”