Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Associated with the Soil Lead and Arsenic Concentrations in Taiwan

Tsai, Ching Piao; Lee, Charles Tzu Chi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065911

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…23,24 However, there has been an increase in this ratio across the world. 25,26 The findings of the present study demonstrated a simultaneous increase in population and MS incidence. The results also indicated that the highest incidence of MS was related to the 20-30 years' age group.…”

Section: Thissupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system [1][2][3] with complex aetiology and still unknown causes, which affects individuals in their productive years. 4 Up to now, multiple putative aetiologic factors have been recognized for MS, but the main etiology of the disease has remained unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Registry-Based Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Southwestern Iran, 2001-2014

Khammarnia¹,

Kassani²,

Izadi³

et al. 2017

Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults. It is estimated that more than two million people have MS worldwide. This study aimed to assess the incidence of MS and its associated factors in Shiraz, Southwestern Iran. Data related to the inci-dence of MS were obtained from the MS center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from 2001 to 2014. The study participants were all residents of Shiraz. The subjects were diagnosed with MS by neurologists (all newly diagnosed patients from 2001-2014) and were registered in MS center to receive treatment. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate Poisson re-gression analysis were done. During the study period, 2637 eligible patients were identified. The highest incidence of MS occurred in 2011 and 2012 (17.62, 95% CI: 8.02-38.72 and 16.92, 95% CI: 6.23-45.88 per 100,000 respectively). Besides, the female to male ratio was 2.95 and 44.71% of the MS patients (1070 cases) were in the 20-30 years age group. In addition, the mean age of the patients was 30.18±8.86 years. The results showed a significant difference among different age and sex groups regarding the incidence of MS (p=0.01). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between education level and incidence of MS (p=0.03). The incidence of MS has in-creased in the south of Iran more than other regions.

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Section: Thissupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Registry-Based Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Southwestern Iran, 2001-2014

Khammarnia¹,

Kassani²,

Izadi³

et al. 2017

Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull

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“…Satsananan (2012) reported that lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) accumulated in basil, ginger, turmeric, lemon grass, parsley, onion, and coriander glory [ 14 ]. HMs in soil can threaten human health through vegetable consumption, and the chronic low-level intake of soil metals through ingestion or inhalation has a seriously negative effect on human health [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. For example, chronic exposure to Cd can have harmful effects, such as lung cancer, prostatic proliferative lesions, bone fractures, kidney dysfunction, and hypertension [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in the Soil-Plant-Human System in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Jia

et al. 2017

IJERPH

338

147

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Heavy metal (HM) contamination and accumulation is a serious problem around the world due to the toxicity, abundant sources, non-biodegradable properties, and accumulative behaviour of HMs. The degree of soil HM contamination in China, especially in the Yangtze River Delta, is prominent. In this study, 1822 pairs of soil and crop samples at corresponding locations were collected from the southern Yangtze River Delta of China, and the contents of Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, As, Cu, Hg, and Pb were measured. The single pollution index in soil (SPI) and Nemerow composite pollution index (NCPI) were used to assess the degree of HM pollution in soil, and the crop pollution index (CPI) was used to explore the degree of HM accumulation in crops. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was used to investigate the translocation of heavy metals in the soil-crop system. The health risks caused by HMs were calculated based on the model released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The SPIs of all elements were at the unpolluted level. The mean NCPI was at the alert level. The mean CPIs were in the following decreasing order: Ni (1.007) > Cr (0.483) > Zn (0.335) > Cd (0.314) > As (0.232) > Cu (0.187) > Hg (0.118) > Pb (0.105). Only the mean content of Ni in the crops exceeded the national standard value. The standard exceeding rates were used to represent the percentage of samples whose heavy metal content is higher than the corresponding national standard values. The standard exceeding rates of Cu, Hg, and Cd in soil were significantly higher than corresponding values in crops. Meanwhile, the standard exceeding rates of Ni, As, and Cr in crops were significantly higher than corresponding values in soil. The chronic daily intake (CDI) of children (13.8 × 10−3) was the largest among three age groups, followed by adults (6.998 × 10−4) and seniors (5.488 × 10−4). The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of all crops followed the order Cd (0.249) > Zn (0.133) > As (0.076) > Cu (0.064) > Ni (0.018) > Hg (0.011) > Cr (0.010) > Pb (0.001). Therefore, Cd was most easily absorbed by crops, and different crops had different capacities to absorb HMs. The hazard quotient (HQ) represents the potential non-carcinogenic risk for an individual HM and it is an estimation of daily exposure to the human population that is not likely to represent an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. All the HQs of the HMs for the different age groups were significantly less than the alert value of 1.0 and were at a safe level. This indicated that citizens in the study area face low potential non-carcinogenic risk caused by HMs. The total carcinogens risks (TCRs) for children, adults, and seniors were 5.24 × 10−5, 2.65 × 10−5, and 2.08 × 10−5, respectively, all of which were less than the guideline value but at the alert level. Ingestion was the main pathway of carcinogen risk to human health.

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“…In an epidemiological study, increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as MS is shown to be associated with environmental toxins such as heavy metals (Visconti et al, 2005). It is also known that the accumulation of Pb, Mo, As, Al plays a role in MS etiology (Tsai et al, 2013). It is shown that the metals can lead neurodegeneration by deterioration of the mitochondrial functions, which loss of ATP, the increase of reactive oxygen species and eventual leads cell death (Giacoppo et al, 2014;Tamburo et al, 2015, Alimonti et al, 2007, Haider 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IRJPEH

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of heavy metals, sialic acid and other environmental factors in patients with multiple sclerosis. Fiftytwo multiple sclerosis patients and 41 healthy volunteers as the control group were included in the study. Fasting saliva and urine samples were taken to determine sialic acid and heavy metals respectively.The levels of Ag (p<0.001), Al (p<0.001), As (p<0.001), Ba (p<0.05), Cd (p<0.005), Cs (p<0.001), Cu (p<0.05), Mn (p<0.05), Ni (p<0.001), Pb (p<0.001), Rb (p<0.05), Sr (p<0.05), and sialic acid levels (p<0.001) were found significantly higher, Ti (p<0.05) and Fe (p<0.05) lower in MS patients compared to the control group. There was a significant relationship between sialic acid, heavy metals levels, vegetable consumption, bowel habits and multiple sclerosis group. In this study, it was found that high levels of sialic acid and heavy metals, less vegetable consumption and bad bowel habits were risk factors for multiple sclerosis.

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Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Associated with the Soil Lead and Arsenic Concentrations in Taiwan

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Registry-Based Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Southwestern Iran, 2001-2014

Registry-Based Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Southwestern Iran, 2001-2014

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in the Soil-Plant-Human System in the Yangtze River Delta, China

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