Multiple sclerosis in Jordan: a clinical and epidemiological study

El‐Salem, Khalid; Al-Shimmery, Ehsan K.; Horany, Khalid; Alrefai, Ali; Al-Hayk, Kefah; Khader, Yousef

doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0203-2

Cited by 87 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Further features found among Isfahan MS patients include: (1) increasing female preponderance over the recent decade [23]; (2) highest rates among the 30- to 39-year age group, decreasing with increasing age; (3) high percentage in early-onset MS, and (4) the lower frequency of oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF of Isfahan MS patients than in the West [14]. Similar reports from Japan and Jordan may be evidence that oligoclonal IgG bands are less frequent in the CSF of Asian MS patients than MS patients in the West; however, more accurate studies are required to support this hypothesis [14,24,25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A Systematic Review

Etemadifar¹,

Sajjadi²,

Nasr³

et al. 2013

Eur Neurol

159

105

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Background: There is a wide variation in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in different geographical regions and the epidemiology of MS in Iran has been a major topic of concern during the last decade. Several population-based studies have shown a sharp increase in the prevalence and incidence of MS in this region. In this study, for the first time, the aim was to provide a comprehensive review regarding the incidence and prevalence of MS across Iran. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We also did a manual search of reference lists from primary articles and relevant reviews. Databases of ongoing research and unpublished literature were also searched. Results: A total of 22 relevant studies were reviewed and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Incidence data were found in 5 studies and ranged from 0.68 to 9.1/100,000 per year in the Iranian population. Prevalence was reported in all studies and ranged from 5.3 to 74.28/100,000 with the higher prevalence among females (female/male ratio ranged from 1.8 to 3.6). The most prevalent subtype of MS was the relapsing-remitting form (65.8-87.8%). The sensory disturbance was the most initial presentation. Conclusion: The incidence and prevalence of MS in Iran has been increasing rapidly, especially in females. Future research should focus on determining the epidemiological features of MS in the neglected provinces with different ethnicities. Such an effort along with further research towards improvement of data on previously studied areas can enable a field to be opened up to identify the patterns of MS in varied genetic backgrounds and environments of Iran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A Systematic Review

Etemadifar¹,

Sajjadi²,

Nasr³

et al. 2013

Eur Neurol

159

105

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“…17 ON is less frequent in South America and in the Mediterranean region but newer studies have reported an increasing prevalence in the last few decades. [18][19][20] Some studies have shown that individuals who migrate before puberty have the incidence of MS in the area to which they have migrated. [20][21][22] This suggests a possible interaction between the ethnic origin of the patient, the latitude, and whatever is the factor (or factors) that triggers MS. Other studies have suggested that less sun exposure at increasing latitude might be a risk factor for MS, 23,24 and vitamin D deficiency is an additional potential explanation for some of the epidemiological differences in MS. 25,26 In addition, an increased incidence of ON during the spring season has been reported.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic neuritis

Pau

Al‐Zubidi

Yalamanchili

et al. 2011

Eye

129

115

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Aims The aim of this study is to provide a clinical update on optic neuritis (ON), its association with multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Methods This study included a PubMed review of the literature written in the English language.Results ON in adults is typically idiopathic or demyelinating, and is characterised by unilateral, subacute, painful loss of vision that is not associated with any systemic or other neurological symptoms. Demyelinating ON is associated with MS, and we review the key studies of ON including the ON treatment trial and several other MS treatment trials and NMO. Conclusion Acute demyelinating ON can occur in isolation or be associated with MS. Typical ON does not require additional evaluation other than cranial magnetic resonance imaging. NMO is likely a separate disorder from MS and the ON in NMO has a different treatment and prognosis. Methodology The authors conducted an English language search using Pubmed from the years 1964 to 2010 using the search terms 'ON', 'MS' and 'NMO'. The authors included original articles, review articles, and case reports, which revealed new aspects as far as epidemiology, histopathology, clinical manifestations, imaging, genetics, and treatment of ON. Titles were reviewed for topicality and full references were obtained. Letters to the editor, unpublished work, and abstracts were not included in this review.

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“…Two studies were found on the prevalence of MS in Jordan [12,26] . The first was conducted between 1992 and 1993 at the Jordan University Hospital and the King Hussain Medical Center in Amman, the capital of Jordan.…”

Section: Jordanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Middle East

Al-Hashel¹,

Besterman²,

Wolfson

2008

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Middle East has been reported to be low to medium. Methods: To verify this assertion we conducted a review of published data on the occurrence of MS in the Middle East.Results: Fourteen studies reporting on the prevalence of MS in the Middle East were initially identified, 5 of which were excluded due to inadequate data or serious methodological limitations. The data from the 9 included studies suggested that the prevalence of MS may vary widely within the Middle East, from low to high. However, these 9 studies were inconsistent in case ascertainment, inclusion criteria and methods of prevalence calculation, and most did not include age/sex standardization. Conclusion: Methodological inconsistencies among studies make it difficult to be confident in drawing conclusions about the prevalence of MS in the Middle East. Nevertheless, there is little evidence to support the assertion that the prevalence of MS in the Middle East is low to medium. Rather, the prevalence of MS in the Middle East may range from low to high, depending on the specific population and environment of study. However, to confirm these findings, further epidemiological research is needed.

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Multiple sclerosis in Jordan: a clinical and epidemiological study

Abstract: Jordan is a medium-high risk country for MS, with prevalence higher than what has previously been reported, possibly representing an increase in incidence. Clinical and demographic characteristics are similar to most reports worldwide.

Cited by 87 publications

References 18 publications

Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A Systematic Review

Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A Systematic Review

Optic neuritis

The Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Middle East

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