Multiple Sclerosis in Italy

Granieri, Enrico

doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550080115019

Cited by 55 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We also included a survey conducted in San Marino, a mini-state not formally belonging to the EEA, with human development indicators similar to or higher than those of EEA countries and specialised medical services shared with Italy [35]. Of the 37 reports, four were used for comparing age-specific incidence only [35,37,40,48], 16 provided data for studying trends [19,21,27,28,41,43,49-58] and seven could be used for both purposes [8,10,31,32,34,36,47]. Ten studies were excluded [24,26,30,33,38,39,42,46], [59,60], four due to incidences calculated from data sets based on age at diagnosis, i.e., explicitly reporting MS diagnoses instead of clinical onsets [30,33,46,60].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A full-text review by both authors of a number of selected articles on age- and sex-specific MSI measurements in geographically-defined EEA populations suggested that there were insufficient or inadequate reported age-group data to be combined using models, due to one or more of the following factors: being represented only in graphs [30-32]; being incomplete for population groups, i.e., having numerators with zero cases generally in the youngest or oldest age-groups [8,33-37]; containing gross errors in rate calculations, i.e., for incidence in both sexes [38]; pertaining to age-groups that were too wide, selected (in general truncated) or mismatched [39-42]; or corresponding to protracted incidence periods, i.e., 1965-1993, 1968-1997 or 1975-1994, which probably encompassed multiple changes in MS diagnostic policies/traditions that were potentially heterogeneous by age at onset [43-45]. To complete the data, authors of reported surveys were thus contacted in specific instances by JPC via e-mail, correspondence address or telephone number of their institutional affiliations (usually hospital departments).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Review results for specific MSI, generally at 5- or, alternatively, at >5- [8,10,19,21,27,28,34,36], [41,47,49-56] or 1-year calendar time intervals [31,57,58] were obtained from original reports, disregarding other study-interval durations. Updated data were used for Ferrara [34,43] and Catania [10,32]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of multiple sclerosis among European Economic Area populations, 1985-2009: the framework for monitoring

et al. 2013

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BackgroundA debate surrounding multiple sclerosis epidemiology has centred on time-related incidence increases and the need of monitoring. The purpose of this study is to reassess multiple sclerosis incidence in the European Economic Area.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of literature from 1965 onwards and integrated elements of original research, including requested or completed data by surveys authors and specific analyses.ResultsThe review of 5323 documents yielded ten studies for age- and sex-specific analyses, and 21 studies for time-trend analysis of single data sets. After 1985, the incidence of multiple sclerosis ranged from 1.12 to 6.96 per 100,000 population, was higher in females, tripled with latitude, and doubled with study midpoint year. The north registered increasing trends from the 1960s and 1970s, with a historic drop in the Faroe Islands, and fairly stable data in the period 1980-2000; incidence rose in Italian and French populations in the period 1970-2000, in Evros (Greece) in the 1980s, and in the French West Indies in around 2000.ConclusionsWe conclude that the increase in multiple sclerosis incidence is only apparent, and that it is not specific to women. Monitoring of multiple sclerosis incidence might be appropriate for the European Economic Area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of multiple sclerosis among European Economic Area populations, 1985-2009: the framework for monitoring

et al. 2013

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“…However, any such effect depends on whether cases in Allison-Millar’s “possible” or “early” categories are included [72,77,80]. The definition of incidence also varied, with most studies reporting incidence based on the date of diagnosis, but others using the date of MS symptom onset [15,39,40,42,46,55,70,87],[101,103,117,118]. This latter definition can sometimes result in an apparent decrease in incidence rates during the most recent time period [103] due to the time-lag between onset and diagnosis [147-149].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults worldwide and approximately half of those affected are in Europe. The assessment of differential incidence and prevalence across populations can reveal spatial, temporal and demographic patterns which are important for identifying genetic and environmental factors contributing to MS. However, study methodologies vary and the quality of the methods can influence the estimates. This study aimed to systematically review European studies of incidence and prevalence of MS and to provide a quantitative assessment of their methodological quality.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed to obtain all original population-based studies of MS incidence and prevalence in European populations conducted and published between January 1985 and January 2011. Only peer-reviewed full-text articles published in English or French were included. All abstracts were screened for eligibility and two trained reviewers abstracted the data and graded the quality of each study using a tool specifically designed for this study.ResultsThere were 123 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The study estimates were highly heterogeneous, even within regions or countries. Quality was generally higher in the more recent studies, which also tended to use current diagnostic criteria. Prevalence and incidence estimates tended to be higher in the more recent studies and were higher in the Nordic countries and in northern regions of the British Isles. With rare exceptions, prevalence and incidence estimates were higher in women with ratios as high as 3:1. Few studies examined ethnicity. Epidemiological data at the national level was uncommon and there were marked geographical disparities in available data, with large areas of Europe unrepresented and other regions well-represented in the literature. Only 37% of the studies provided standardized estimates.ConclusionsDespite the breadth of the literature on the epidemiology of MS in Europe, inter-study comparisons are hampered by the lack of standardization. Further research should focus on regions not yet studied and the evaluation of ethnic differences in MS prevalence and incidence. National-level studies using current diagnostic criteria, validated case definitions and similar age- and sex-standardization would allow better geographical comparisons.

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“…It has been reported that the MS prevalence rates in Southern Europe are low-medium (2). However, it has also been shown that newly reported MS prevalence rates were higher than previously reported in Italy, Spain, Cyprus, and the Balkans (3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Prevalence Of Multiple Sclerosis In The Metropolitan Area Of Edirne City, Turkey

Çelik¹,

Birgili²,

Kiyat³

et al. 2010

TUTFD

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Objective: The prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis may vary according to the infl uence of the altitude of a geographical area as well as the genetic and environmental factors. This study ained to determine the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Edirne population. Material and Methods:Patients with a defi nite diagnosis of MS according to McDonald's criteria, admitted to one of the three MS clinics in Edirne, were included in this two-stage study. Also the records of hospitals in İstanbul serving patients from Edirne, have been evaluated. Results:The prevalence rate of confi rmed MS patients was 33.9/100000 (95% CI: 32-36) in 2003. The mean annual incidence was 3.48/100000 (95% CI: 2.90-4.00). Mean age of the patients was 36.5±9.6 years. Mean age at onset was 29.2±8.5 years. Mean duration of disease was 6.9±5.2 years. Overall, 69.2% had a relapsing-remitting course, 20.5% had a primary progressive course and 10.3% had a secondary progressive course. Mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 3.04±2.18. The prevalence and annual incidence after one year was 36.5 per 100000 (95% CI: 33.2-38.6) and 2.60 per 100000 (95% CI: 2.1-3.8), respectively. Conclusion:This is the fi rst city-based MS prevalence study performed in Turkey. The MS prevalence in Edirne is similar to that of Greece and Bulgaria but lower than that of European countries.

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Multiple Sclerosis in Italy

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Incidence of multiple sclerosis among European Economic Area populations, 1985-2009: the framework for monitoring

Incidence of multiple sclerosis among European Economic Area populations, 1985-2009: the framework for monitoring

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review

Prevalence Of Multiple Sclerosis In The Metropolitan Area Of Edirne City, Turkey

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