Multiple sclerosis: Geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment

Milo, Ron; Kahana, Esther

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.010

Cited by 544 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The etiology of this heterogeneous disease has been related to immunologic, environmental, and genetic factors, but its precise cause is still unknown (Milo & Kahana 2010). The pathogenesis of the disease is accompanied by activation and infiltration of mononuclear cells predominantly antigen-specific CD4 þ and CD8 þ T-cells and Bcells in the CNS (Mosayebi et al 2010;Zhang et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium-dose estrogen ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in ovariectomized mice

Haghmorad

Salehipour

Nosratabadi

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Estrogen is a neuro-protective hormone in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The present study evaluated the role of estrogen during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) at doses selected to mimic any suppressive potential from the hormone during pregnancy. Here, mice were ovariectomized and then 2 weeks later treated with MOG antigen to induce EAE. Concurrently, mice then received (subcutaneously) an implanted pellet to deliver varying estrogen amounts over a 21-day period. Clinical scores and other parameters were monitored daily for the 21 days. At the end of the period, brain/spinal cord histology was performed to measure lymphocyte infiltration; T-cell profiles were determined through ELISA, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR. Transcription factor expression levels in the CNS were assessed using real-time PCR; T-cell differentiation was evaluated via flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that estrogen inhibited development of EAE. Histological studies revealed limited leukocyte infiltration into the CNS. High and medium dose of estrogen increased T H 2 and T reg cell production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, but concurrently resulted in a significant reduction in production of interferon (IFN)-c, IL-17, and IL-6. Flow cytometry revealed there were also significant decreases in the percentages of T H 1 and T H 17 cells, as well as significant increase in percentages of T reg and T H 2 cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. Real-time PCR results indicated that high-and medium-dose estrogen treatments reduced T-bet and ROR-ct factor expression, but enhanced Foxp3 and GATA3 expression. Collectively, these results demonstrated that a medium dose of estrogen -similar to a pregnancy level of estrogen -could potentially reduce the incidence and severity of autoimmune EAE and possibly other autoimmune pathologies.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium-dose estrogen ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in ovariectomized mice

Haghmorad

Salehipour

Nosratabadi

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…The pattern of the observed regional trends, i.e. lesser donor egg IVF success rates at centers along the North East and improving LBR's at clinics located towards the West (as reflected by increasing zip code numbers) is reminiscent of associations previously described for disorders that have been related to insufficient UVB exposure [12,13] [ [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Directionality of our observations is consistent with trends noted for breast cancer; the prevalence and mortality from breast cancer in North America is reportedly higher in the North East compared to the West, and lower UVB intensity exposure in the North East is a suggested mechanism for this differential [29,30] [ [32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological data suggest a relationship between geographical location of birth and residence in areas of low ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure with a spectrum of diseases including multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes and cancers [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Data from the U.S. identify prevalence of most types of cancer, dental caries, and of autism to more closely linked to summertime solar UVB; prevalence of multiple sclerosis in contrast has been related to wintertime UVB and latitude [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donor egg IVF model to assess ecological implications for ART success

Pal

Kidwai

Kayani

et al. 2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose Environmental influences on reproductive success are recognized. We hypothesized that location of fertility clinics may influence treatment success and explored this hypothesis utilizing donor egg IVF (IVF) embryo transfer (ET) model. Methods Publicly accessible national registry data (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology) on fresh & frozen (FET) ET cycles undertaken at participating clinics across North America (n=444 IVF centers) for 2007 were utilized. Information on number of donor egg IVF cycles, live birth (LB) rate following fresh and frozen ET(FET), average number (#) of ET and IVF center's location, geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude), annualized average temperatures and midyear regional ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation intensity were obtained. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed relationship between LBR (in tertile and uppermost versus lesser quartiles) following fresh and FET with geographical coordinates (region and altitude of clinic location) and ecological influences (average temperature and midyear UVB intensity), adjusting for #ET and clinic experience with donor egg IVF. Results Average number of fresh ET, clinic location (region) and midyear UVB intensity were positive predictors of LBR following fresh ET, whereas altitude and annualized average regional temperature demonstrated an inverse relationship with LBR following fresh ET. For FET cycles, #ET, clinic region and altitude were positive determinants of increasing LBR's. Annualized regional temperature and midyear UVB failed to demonstrate any relationship with LB following donor egg FET. Conclusion Our data suggest that ecological influences may relate to donor egg IVF cycle success. Future studies are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms that could explain the observed associations.

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“…Epidemiologically, the age of our patient (25 years old) was consistent with the literature data. Indeed, this age is on average around 30 years, with extremes ranging from young adolescent to adulthood [2,11]. Evolution was in favor of remitting form second relapse, after a first episode in 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…African migrants living in Europe are affected by the disease [1]. Multiple sclerosis is rare in an African black [2][3][4]. The first confirmed case of MS in African black was published in 1987 by Bhigjee in South Africa [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis in West Africa, about a Case Confirmed at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Dabilgou¹,

Napon²,

Kambou³

et al. 2017

J Mult Scler

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Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the main demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. It usually affects young female adults between 20 and 40 years old, during professional activity period. Diagnosis is based on combination of the clinical presentation, the white-matter abnormalities on MRI, the CSF and the evoked potentials, making differential diagnosis of MS. Treatment of MS intend to prevent relapses and to delay progressive aggravation of the disease. Through this case report, the authors show that multiple sclerosis is a disease present in sub-Saharan Africa.Case presentation: This is a case report of a 25-year-old Burkinabe, hospitalized in the department of neurology on 13th September 2014 for motor deficit of the four limbs developing progressively without fever over three weeks. The medical history found diffuse paraesthesias described as tingling of the four limbs to the flexion of the neck, a decline in visual acuity of the left eye, a slowing of walk speed, dysarthria and sphincter disorders like urinary urgency. Neurological examination revealed a predominantly proximal spastic tetraparesis with bilateral Babinski sign; cerebellar dysfunction with dysarthria, enlargement of the polygon and kinetic ataxia of upper limbs, swallowing disorders and lingual atrophy. The lumbar puncture showed a clear cerebrospinal fluid, at normal pressure, increased cell count with 8 cells /ml and a normal glycorrhachia. On cerebral and spinal MRI, there were diffuse hyper-intensities which met the criteria of Bancroft and of MacDonald supporting multiple sclerosis diagnosis. The clinical course was favorable under corticosteroid therapy after 30 days of hospitalization. Conclusion:Multiple sclerosis is a rare neurological disease in the black African. The discovery of a case in Burkina Faso shows the importance of carrying out radiological assessment in every case of acute myelitis occurring in the young people.

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Multiple sclerosis: Geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment

Cited by 544 publications

References 36 publications

Medium-dose estrogen ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in ovariectomized mice

Medium-dose estrogen ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in ovariectomized mice

Donor egg IVF model to assess ecological implications for ART success

Multiple Sclerosis in West Africa, about a Case Confirmed at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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