Multiple sclerosis disease activity correlates with gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

González‐Scarano, Francisco; Grossman, Robert I.; Galetta, S. L.; Atlas, Scott W.; Silberberg, Donald H.

doi:10.1002/ana.410210312

Cited by 90 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the present study, lipids were detected as early as Day 10 in the acute plaques, but appeared more distinct after 2 or 3 months. The lipid formation is apparently delayed in comparison with blood-brain bamer (BBB) deficiency, which is the hallmark of active immunological disease (15,16). This may indicate that myelin degeneration, or at least production of free lipids, is a secondary phenomenon and not a primary pathogenic event in plaque formation.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 93%

Localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis

Larsson

Christiansen

Jensen

et al. 1991

Magnetic Resonance in Med

115

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Localized proton spectroscopy was performed in 15 patients with acute or chronic multiple sclerosis (MS). Some of the patients were investigated serially, being given a total of 22 spectroscopic investigations. Resonances corresponding to free lipids were observed in six plaques. This was distinctly seen in two plaques at Days 70 and 85 after the occurrence of the plaques. A lesser content of lipids in plaques was observed as early as Day 10 and as late as nearly 1 year after occurrence. The relative concentration of N-acetyl asparate (NAA) was significantly lower in patients than in controls, and the relative concentration of choline (Cho) was significantly higher in patients than in controls. These differences were most pronounced in older plaques. MR spectroscopic demonstration of lipids in a MS plaque probably reflects disintegration of myelin, and a decreased NAA/Cho ratio may be related either to gliosis or to axonal degeneration, which sometimes occurs in longstanding MS.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 93%

Localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis

Larsson

Christiansen

Jensen

et al. 1991

Magnetic Resonance in Med

115

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“…Brain MRI was abnormal in 70-95% of patients with definitive MS and the gadolinium enhancement correlated with the clinical activity of the disease and corresponded anatomically with the symptoms and signs (58). The evaluation of gadoliniumenhancing lesions is one MS MRI criteria for demyelination in time and space (51,52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCR5-Δ32 genetic polymorphism associated with benign clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging findings in Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis

Kaimen-Maciel

Reiche²,

Souza³

et al. 2007

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. The CCR5 chemokine receptor has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This research was carried out to investigate the association between the CCR5-Δ32 deletion in 124 patients with MS from Southern Brazil. Ninety-eight (79.0%) patients presented with relapsingremitting MS (RR-MS), 17 (13.7%) secondary progressive MS (SP-MS), 8 (6.5%) primary progressive MS (PP-MS) and one (0.8%) clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The control group consisted of 127 healthy blood donors from the same geographic region. The disease severity was assessed clinically using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells and the genetic polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Of the MS patients, 85 (68.5%) were females (p=0.0093). The CCR5-Δ32 frequency among the controls was 5.5%, and did not differ from that observed among the MS patients (4.8%) (p=0.7337). The mean (±SD) age at disease onset among the carriers and non-carriers of the CCR5-Δ32 allele was 31.7 (±11.1) and 36.6 (±12.0) years, respectively (p=0.1312). The duration (±SD) of the disease was 11.2 (±12.9) and 7.7 (± 5.6) years among the CCR5-Δ32 heterozygous, and CCR5 wild type, respectively (p=0.396). The mean (±SD) EDSS among the MS patients carriers and non-carriers of the CCR5-Δ32 allele was 2.4±1.2 and 2.67±2.2, respectively (p=0.9796). The MRI findings in MS patients with the CCR5-Δ32 genotype exhibited lower positive gadolinium enhancing-imaging (p=0.0013) and lower brain atrophy (p=0.1333) than MS patients with the CCR5 wild-type genotype. Despite that the differences were not significant, the results suggested that the disease onset and progression to disability may be prolonged in MS carriers of CCR5-Δ32, and CCR5-Δ32 could be considered a favorable prognostic biomarker of MS. Further studies comprising larger numbers of individuals carrying non-wild-type haplotypes are needed to determine CCR5-Δ32 involvement in the specific process of MS pathology and pathogenesis.

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“…Adams et al [12] suggested cerebral periphlebitis to be a precursor of plaque formations in surrounding tissues. A transitory breakdown of the bloodbrain barrier has been well documented at the time of dis ease activity by Tc-scintigraphy [13], CT scan [14], and more recently by MRI with gadolinium [15], Engell et al [16] found similar barrier damage in MS patients with PR, and analogous functional changes of the blood-retinal barrier during RP attacks, measured by vitreous fluorophotometry [ 17], Considering these simultaneous fea tures in the retina and the brain, and the similarity of their pathological aspects, it is reasonable to suppose a com mon etiopathogenesis for PR and CNS MS lesions, and to speculate that both ocular and cerebrum changes repre sent a primary phlebitic process that in the brain leads to demyelination, and in the retina, which is embryologically an extension of the CNS. stops at an early stage due to a lack of myelin in this site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Periphlebitis in Multiple Sclerosis: A Marker of Disease Activity?

Tola

Granieri²,

Casetta³

et al. 1993

Eur Neurol

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This study was performed in order to verify the prevalence of retinal periphlebitis and other ocular changes in a well-defined population of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and to correlate the presence of these features with some clinical variables which characterize the disease. 110 MS-affected subjects were submitted to a standard ophthalmologic examination including a biomicroscopical evaluation of the fundus oculi. The prevalence of retinal sheathing in MS patients was found to be nearly 36 %. It is significantly higher in patients evaluated in an active phase of the disease than in those examined in a stationary phase.

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Multiple sclerosis disease activity correlates with gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 90 publications

References 15 publications

Localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis

Localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis

CCR5-Δ32 genetic polymorphism associated with benign clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging findings in Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis

Retinal Periphlebitis in Multiple Sclerosis: A Marker of Disease Activity?

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