Multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus and related human endogenous retrovirus-W in patients with multiple sclerosis: A literature review

Hon, Gloudina Mary; Erasmus, Rajiv T; Matsha, Tandi E.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.08.005

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…While multiple sclerosis associated retrovirus has been associated with disease, it is also common in clinically normal patients, and despite its name there is minimal support for causation of multiple sclerosis [27]. It has previously been shown that viral polymerase sequences are integrated into the genome of healthy humans [28], thus validating the findings in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Are viruses associated with disc herniation? A clinical case series

Walker

Armson

O’Dea

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background: There is some limited evidence for the presence of viruses in herniated disc material including a previous case series that claimed to provide "unequivocal evidence of the presence of herpes virus DNA in intervertebral disc specimens of patients with lumbar disc herniation suggesting the potential role of herpes viruses as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease". This study has not been replicated. The objective of our study was to determine if viruses were present in herniated disc fragments in participants with a prior history of back pain. Methods: We recruited fifteen participants with a history of prior low-back pain prior to undergoing disc herniation surgery in the lumbar spine. Harvested disc samples were subject to next generation sequencing for detection of both RNA and DNA viral pathogens. Additionally, samples were analysed by a broadly reactive PCR targeting herpesviral DNA. Ethics approval was granted by the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Are viruses associated with disc herniation? A clinical case series

Walker

Armson

O’Dea

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Many studies were focused on HERV-W correlations with several human diseases, primarily represented by MS [15–21, 28, 75, and reviewed in 76] and other major neurological pathologies such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder [23, 25, 93]. Despite this broad investigation, no certain correlations between HERV-W group expression and any human disease has been confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starting from these findings, the expression and coding capacity of HERV-W group have been investigated in the different tissues, above all to find a correlation to various diseases, such as MS [15–21], Schizophrenia [22, 23] and bipolar disorder [24, 25], comprising also a number of pathologies with poorly understood etiology, such as osteoarthritis and cutaneous T cell lymphoma [26, 27]. However, despite the great interest in HERV-W expression, no definitive correlation with human pathologies have been conclusively demonstrated so far [28] and the characterization of the group at the genomic level still remains a major genetic goal and a bioinformatics challenge [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of type W human endogenous retroviruses to the human genome: characterization of HERV-W proviral insertions and processed pseudogenes

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient sequences integrated in the germ line cells and vertically transmitted through the offspring constituting about 8 % of our genome. In time, HERVs accumulated mutations that compromised their coding capacity. A prominent exception is HERV-W locus 7q21.2, producing a functional Env protein (Syncytin-1) coopted for placental syncytiotrophoblast formation. While expression of HERV-W sequences has been investigated for their correlation to disease, an exhaustive description of the group composition and characteristics is still not available and current HERV-W group information derive from studies published a few years ago that, of course, used the rough assemblies of the human genome available at that time. This hampers the comparison and correlation with current human genome assemblies.ResultsIn the present work we identified and described in detail the distribution and genetic composition of 213 HERV-W elements. The bioinformatics analysis led to the characterization of several previously unreported features and provided a phylogenetic classification of two main subgroups with different age and structural characteristics. New facts on HERV-W genomic context of insertion and co-localization with sequences putatively involved in disease development are also reported.ConclusionsThe present work is a detailed overview of the HERV-W contribution to the human genome and provides a robust genetic background useful to clarify HERV-W role in pathologies with poorly understood etiology, representing, to our knowledge, the most complete and exhaustive HERV-W dataset up to date.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0301-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…HERV-F (ERVFH21-1, ERVH48-1) Gag RNA in plasma was increased fourfold in patients with recent history of attacks, relative to patients in a stable state and to healthy controls [178]. It can be extrapolated that infections sometimes can upregulate HERV expression in the CNS cells, thus provoking deleterious autoimmune response [179]. Indeed, genetic variant in some genes restricting retroviral infections were statistically linked with the risk of getting MS, as shown for TRIM5, TRIM22 and BST2, but not for APOBEC3s and TREXs genes [123].…”

Section: Neurological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular functions of human endogenous retroviruses in health and disease

Suntsova

Garazha

Ivanova

et al. 2015

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and related genetic elements form 504 distinct families and occupy ~8% of human genome. Recent success of high-throughput experimental technologies facilitated understanding functional impact of HERVs for molecular machinery of human cells. HERVs encode active retroviral proteins, which may exert important physiological functions in the body, but also may be involved in the progression of cancer and numerous human autoimmune, neurological and infectious diseases. The spectrum of related malignancies includes, but not limits to, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, lupus, schizophrenia, multiple cancer types and HIV. In addition, HERVs regulate expression of the neighboring host genes and modify genomic regulatory landscape, e.g., by providing regulatory modules like transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). Indeed, recent bioinformatic profiling identified ~110,000 regulatory active HERV elements, which formed at least ~320,000 human TFBS. These and other peculiarities of HERVs might have played an important role in human evolution and speciation. In this paper, we focus on the current progress in understanding of normal and pathological molecular niches of HERVs, on their implications in human evolution, normal physiology and disease. We also review the available databases dealing with various aspects of HERV genetics.

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Multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus and related human endogenous retrovirus-W in patients with multiple sclerosis: A literature review

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Are viruses associated with disc herniation? A clinical case series

Are viruses associated with disc herniation? A clinical case series

Contribution of type W human endogenous retroviruses to the human genome: characterization of HERV-W proviral insertions and processed pseudogenes

Molecular functions of human endogenous retroviruses in health and disease

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