2021
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755333
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Multiple Sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2: Has the Interplay Started?

Abstract: Current knowledge on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis encompasses complex interactions between the host’s genetic background and several environmental factors that result in dysimmunity against the central nervous system. An old-aged association exists between MS and viral infections, capable of triggering and sustaining neuroinflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. The novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has a remarkable, and still not fully understood, impact on the immune system: the occurren… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(26 citation statements)
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References 194 publications
(211 reference statements)
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“…Remarkably, in three of five patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before anti-CD20 therapy, first symptoms of MS developed few months after symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infections, similar to previously described cases. 32 The relatively frequent detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pwMS before anti-CD20 therapy in our cohort could, therefore, also be due to potential triggering of the first clinical manifestation of MS by SARS-CoV-2 infections in these three patients. 33 Limitations of this observational study include lack of data on total lymphocyte and B cell counts at the time of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations precluding evaluations of these parameters as potential risk factors for low vaccine immunogenicity.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 78%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Remarkably, in three of five patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before anti-CD20 therapy, first symptoms of MS developed few months after symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infections, similar to previously described cases. 32 The relatively frequent detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pwMS before anti-CD20 therapy in our cohort could, therefore, also be due to potential triggering of the first clinical manifestation of MS by SARS-CoV-2 infections in these three patients. 33 Limitations of this observational study include lack of data on total lymphocyte and B cell counts at the time of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations precluding evaluations of these parameters as potential risk factors for low vaccine immunogenicity.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…Remarkably, in three of five patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before anti-CD20 therapy, first symptoms of MS developed few months after symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infections, similar to previously described cases. 32 The relatively frequent detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pwMS before anti-CD20 therapy in our cohort could, therefore, also be due to potential triggering of the first clinical manifestation of MS by SARS-CoV-2 infections in these three patients. 33 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…Earlier case studies [ 6 – 9 ] and some population-based studies were able to confirm a positive short-term association between COVID-19 and exacerbation of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) [ 10 13 ]. Although this confirmation was not achieved in a study contributed by the current authors [ 14 ], the mentioned association between COVID-19 and MS disease activity could be well-explained by our current knowledge of their pathophysiology [ 15 ]. Still, the effect of COVID-19 on longer-term MS activity remains unclear.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 68%
“…Neutralizing Abs, particularly anti-RBD antibodies, can play a role in the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 primary infection [9,20,21,23]. The higher ratios of anti-S1 or anti-RBD domains IgG antibodies compared to the nucleocapsid protein contribute to the milder COVID-19 disease showing the importance of these antibodies.…”
Section: Pathogenesis Of Sars-cov-2mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Today, vaccination seems to be the most effective way to prevent COVID-19 infection, disease, or transmission [9,25]. By the end of February 2021, more than 40 countries and regions have been working on COVID-19 vaccine development and in total, 256 COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been developed based on different approaches, including live attenuated or inactivated vaccines (8.2%), non-replicating viral vector vaccines (13.3%), replicating viral vector vaccines (9.8%), recombinant protein-based vaccines (protein subunit vaccines (35.9%), virus-like particles (VLP)), and nucleic acid vaccines (DNA-(10.2%) and mRNA-based (12.1%) vaccines) (Table 1) [1,3,9,23,25,26]. As S protein is critical for the entrance of virus to the host cell, many COVID-19 candidate vaccines were designed based on the whole or a fragment of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [1,3,11,23,27,28].…”
Section: Vaccine Platforms Against Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%