Multiple Sclerosis and Organic Solvents

Abstract

To evaluate prospectively the effect on mortality of wine drinking in Eastern France, we conducted an analysis on 34,014 consecutive middle-aged men coming for a comprehensive health appraisal between 1978 and 1983. We evaluated education, physical activity, smoking, and drinking habits by a questionnaire. Electrocardiogram, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and gamma-glutamyltransferase level were routinely measured. Seventy-seven per cent of the subjects drank wine; there was little difference between social classes in this proportion. We evaluated mortality over 10-15 years of follow-up. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of death by Cox proportional hazard models using nondrinkers as the reference and adjusting for six covariables. For an intake of 22-32 and 33-54 gm of alcohol per day, the RR of all-cause death was 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-0.82] and 0.76 (95% CI = 0.66-0.87), respectively. The lower mortality resulted from fewer deaths from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Above 128 gm per day of alcohol consumption, the RR was 1.37 (95% CI = 1.16-1.61). A moderate intake of wine (2-5 glasses per day) was associated with a 24-31% reduction in all-cause mortality, a proportion that was similar for smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers.

Environmental factors and their timing in adult-onset multiple sclerosis

“…Epidemiological studies 30,74,82 Immunological trigger for inflammatory demyelination 138 Organic solvents Epidemiological studies [139][140][141] Damage to blood-brain barrier 142 Diet Epidemiological studies 41,[143][144][145][146] vitamin D supplementation from oily fish 41 *The evidence is conflicting.…”

Guava (<italic>Psidium guajava</italic> L.) Powder as an Antioxidant Dietary Fibre in Sheep Meat Nuggets

“…Consequently, search for natural additives, especially of plant origin, has notably increased. Epidemiological studies have also indicated that frequent consumption of natural antioxidants is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer (Renaud et al, 1998; Temple, 2000). The defensive effects of natural antioxidants in fruits and vegetables are related to three major groups: vitamins, phenolics, and carotenoids.…”

eNOS Activation Induced by a Polyphenol-Rich Grape Skin Extract in Porcine Coronary Arteries

“…Epidemiological studies have indicated an inverse correlation between red wine consumption and the risk of cardiovascular diseases [1,2,3]. The protective effect of red wine on the cardiovascular system is due, at least in part, to the polyphenolic component [4].…”