Multiple sclerosis among United Kingdom-born children of immigrants from the Indian subcontinent, Africa and the West Indies.

Elian, Marta; Nightingale, Simon; Dean, Geoffrey

doi:10.1136/jnnp.53.10.906

Cited by 182 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, discordance of MS development between monozygotic twins suggests that additional factors could be involved (5). Geographical differences in disease incidence and prevalence, as well as studies of populations migrating from areas of low risk to areas of high risk, strongly support a role for environmental factors in disease pathogenesis (6,7). Vitamin D 3 is best known as a calcium homeostasis modulator; however, experimental and clinical observations provide evidence that vitamin D 3 is also an environmental factor exerting significant influence over immunoregulation, ultimately affecting MS prevalence.…”

Section: Ultiple Sclerosis (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Immunomodulatory Effects in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Subjects

Correale¹,

Ysrraelit²,

Gaitán³

2010

The Journal of Immunology

147

112

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Section: Ultiple Sclerosis (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Immunomodulatory Effects in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Subjects

Correale¹,

Ysrraelit²,

Gaitán³

2010

The Journal of Immunology

147

112

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“…Vials were numbered and accompanied by an anonymous form which carried the number and also information on age in 5 year intervals, ethnic [28].…”

Section: Subjects and Collection Of Seramentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal survey for the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infections in the West Midlands, England

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYThe sera of 3522 women who attended an antenatal clinic in Birmingham, England were tested anonymously for antibodies against HTLV-1. Samples from 5 women (0-14%) were positive, one serum showed indeterminate reactivity. Two of the women (0-06%) were born in the West Indies (of Afro-Caribbean ethnic origin), one (003 %) in Africa (of African ethnic origin), and three (009 %) were white Caucasian women born in the UK. Thus, HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women in the UK, though comparatively rare, is not negligible. As transmission of HTLV-1 to the newborn via breast milk has been observed and as seropositive mothers can be advised to refrain from breastfeeding or to tieat their milk, the question of routine screening for HTLV-1 infection during antenatal care is discussed.

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“…Accepted 20 December 1990 Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), a demyelinating and degenerative myelopathy associated with, and probably caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic type-1 (HTLV-1) retrovirus,' is common in the Caribbean,2 3 15 In contrast it is said that immigrants from the Caribbean have a low incidence of MS'6 and many neurologists believe that age at immigration is critical in determining the development of the disease since Dean showed"7 that in South Africa MS is rare in European white immigrants who migrated in childhood but more frequent if they entered South Africa after adolescence. While studying TSP patients in London over the past four years we have seen a number of AfroCaribbean patients who had MS and three with myelopathy of unknown cause.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sclerosis, tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1 infection in Afro-Caribbean patients in the United Kingdom.

Rudge

Amini

Cruickshank

1991

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Forty four consecutive patients of AfroCaribbean origin resident in the United Kingdom (UK) were studied, based on a provisional diagnosis of myelopathy of unknown cause, tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or multiple sclerosis (MS). Of 30 patients with progressive paraparesis 27 had serum antibodies to HTLV-1 and were classified as having TSP. Fourteen patients fulfilled the criteria for MS and none of 12 tested had HTLV-1 antibodies. All the TSP patients and nine of those with MS were born in the West Indies. Five of the West Indianborn MS patients had migrated to the UK after adolescence but the duration of residence in the UK before symptoms of MS developed was similar to those born in the UK (average 18 years). The features that differentiated MS from TSP patients, apart from HTLV-1 status, included clinical evidence of cranial nerve involvement, more extensive abnormalities on the brain and cervical cord MRI and asymmetry of the VEP latency increase, all of which were more frequent in the MS group. Of the three patients without a diagnosis one, born in the UK, had marked abnormalities on MRI of the brain indistinguishable from those seen in MS.

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Multiple sclerosis among United Kingdom-born children of immigrants from the Indian subcontinent, Africa and the West Indies.

Cited by 182 publications

References 6 publications

Gender Differences in 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Immunomodulatory Effects in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Subjects

Gender Differences in 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Immunomodulatory Effects in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Subjects

Antenatal survey for the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infections in the West Midlands, England

Multiple sclerosis, tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1 infection in Afro-Caribbean patients in the United Kingdom.

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