Multiple scattering of 13 and 20 MeV electrons by thin foils: A Monte Carlo study with GEANT, Geant4, and PENELOPE

Abstract

All the codes give a reasonable agreement (within 5%) with the experimental results for all the material and thicknesses studied.

Report on G4‐Med, a Geant4 benchmarking system for medical physics applications developed by the Geant4 Medical Simulation Benchmarking Group

“…This cut-off starts to influence the electron behaviour below 10 keV. [62]). It was found that the characteristic angle alone was insufficient to quantify the discrepancy between the measurement and simulation.…”

“…Photons with energies larger than 0.22 MeV for the forward-directed benchmarks and 0.145 MeV for the angular distribution benchmarks were scored in 100 log spaced bins and compared with the published experimental benchmarks. 62,63 The tested physics constructors were Penelope, Livermore, Opt0, Opt3 and Opt4. A global production cut of 0.01 mm for secondary particles was used.…”

Accuracy of the electron transport inmcnp5and its suitability for ionization chamber response simulations: A comparison with theegsnrcandpenelopecodes

“…56 The physical models for electron and photon interactions differ between the codes and have been compared previously in various references. 46,50,52,57,58 Details of each code can be found in the respective manuals.…”

“…The reference codes were chosen based on their ability to produce results that agree closely with the experimental data for photon and electron beams and their capability to simulate IC response with high accuracy. 11,12,[51][52][53][54]…”

Computation of the electron beam qualitykQ,Q0factors for the NE2571, NE2571A and NE2581A thimble ionization chambers using PENELOPE

“…To estimate the absorbed doses at the medium, D w,Q , and the detector, D c,Q , a series of Monte Carlo simulations were run with the main program penEasy [20]. This code is a main steering program that uses the PENELOPE system [17], a Monte Carlo general-purpose code designed for an accurate description of the coupled transport of photons, electrons and positrons in matter, with very good achievements at the material interfaces and for low energies [21][22][23][24][25]. The code has also been benchmarked for simulations of ionization chamber responses in calculations similar to those done in the present work [26,27].…”