Multiple risk markers for atherogenesis associated with chronic inflammation are detectable in patients with renal stones

Tsao, Kuo‐Chien; Wu, Tsu‐Lan; Sun, Chien‐Feng; Wu, Lily; Wu, James T.

doi:10.1002/jcla.20215

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the present study, there was an increase in the levels of inflammatory markers IL-6, hsCRP in renal calculi patients and a positive correlation was found between PTH levels and IL-6 and hsCRP levels. This report is similar to the study done by Tsao et al, who concluded that acute inflammation markers, adhesion molecules were increased in patients with renal calculi (27). These results suggest that patients with urolithiasis are at a constant inflammatory insult caused by the calculi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association between vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and inflammatory markers in urolithiasis patients

Venkatesan¹,

Chakkarai²,

Arulvijayavani³

et al. 2017

J Renal Inj Prev

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Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:As urolithiasis patients are at a constant inflammatory insult caused by the calculi, the levels of inflammatory markers can be used to monitor the success of treatment. Vitamin D and anti-inflammatory agents may be used in the management of nephrolithiasis patients. Please cite this paper as: Introduction:Hypercalciuria plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal calculi. The role of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), inflammatory markers highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the development of renal calculi has not well defined. Objectives: To assess the serum levels of vitamin D, PTH, hs-CRP and IL-6, urinary and serum calcium and phosphorus levels in patients with renal calculi and to compare these parameters with healthy controls Patients and methods: It was a cross-sectional study. About 41 confirmed renal calculi patients and 41 age and sex matched controls were recruited. Patients with malignancies, hyperparathyroidism, chronic disease, and patients taking vitamin D supplementations were excluded. Serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D, i-PTH, hs-CRP, IL-6, calcium and phosphorous, 24 hours urine levels of calcium and phosphorus were estimated Results: There was a statistical significant difference in the serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D (12.26 vs 19.61 ng/mL), i-PTH (75.5 vs. 33.5 pg/mL), hsCRP (5117.05 vs. 1721.87 ng/mL), IL-6 (13.49 vs. 1.47 pg/mL) calcium (11.5 vs. 9.4 mg/dL) and urinary calcium (370.5 vs. 342 mg/d) and phosphorous levels (1172 vs. 1432 mg/d) between the cases and the control. There was negative correlation between the levels of i-PTH and vitamin D (r = -0.765) and positive correlation between i-PTH and hsCRP, IL-6, Serum calcium and urine calcium (r = 0.353, 0.340, 0.522, 0.501 respectively) Conclusion: There was vitamin D inadequacy and increased levels of PTH, IL-6 and C-reactive protein, calcium in patients with renal calculi when compared with healthy controls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association between vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and inflammatory markers in urolithiasis patients

Venkatesan¹,

Chakkarai²,

Arulvijayavani³

et al. 2017

J Renal Inj Prev

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“…Interestingly multiple markers of inflammation have been detected in idiopathic stone formers. 28 Anti-inflammatory therapies including blockade of NADPH oxidase activation may not only reduce renal inflammation but also crystal deposition in patients with hyperoxaluria. Statins have been shown to even reduce stone recurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Association with Calcium Oxalate Crystal Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in Kidneys

et al. 2015

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Purpose To investigate association between hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Materials and Methods Eight week old male rats were given hydroxy-l-proline (HLP) to induce hyperoxaluria. A group of rats on HLP diet also received apocynin, antioxidant and non-specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. After 28 days rats were euthanized and kidneys were extracted. Microarray analysis was conducted using Illumina bead array reader™. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and the pathway analysis of the genes was done using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization of Integrated Discovery) enrichment analysis tool. Quantitative RT PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed to confirm microarray results. Results Analysis of 22,226 genes revealed 20 and 24 pathways were highly significant in cortex and medulla respectively. In cortex, ECM-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, focal adhesion and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were most significant pathways, whereas in medulla, complement and coagulation cascades, ECM-receptor interaction and dilated cardiomyopathy were major pathways. Genes encoding for PYCARD (ASC: apoptosis –associated spec-like protein containing a CARD), TXNIP (Thioredoxin-interacting protein), NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly up regulated in HLP-fed rats, but the group receiving apocynin had these genes down regulated in the cortex and medulla respectively. These results were verified using quantitative RT PCR with Syber Green assays and Immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions Results indicate a role for ROS in activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via TXNIP leading to a robust inflammatory response in kidneys of rats with hyperoxaluria and CaOx nephrolithiasis.

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“…Urinary 8-hydrox-ydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative damage of DNA, was increased in stone patients and was positively correlated with tubular damage as assessed by urinary excretion of NAG [87]. All major markers of chronic inflammation including proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, microalbumin, myeloperoxidase, 8-OHdG, 3-nitrotyrosine and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) were detectable in patients with renal stones [88]. Yet another study reported urinary excretion of anti-inflammatory proteins calgranulin, α-defensin, and myeloperoxidase [89], by stone patients and the presence of these proteins in the inner core of the CaOx stones.…”

Section: Renal Cellular and Molecular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is oxidative stress, a link between nephrolithiasis and obesity, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome?

2012

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Epidemiological studies have provided the evidence for association between nephrolithiasis and a number of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome. Many of the co-morbidities may not only lead to stone disease but also be triggered by it. Nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for development of hypertension and have higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and some hypertensive and diabetic patients are at greater risk for stone formation. An analysis of the association between stone disease and other simultaneously appearing disorders, as well as factors involved in their pathogenesis, may provide an insight into stone formation and improved therapies for stone recurrence and prevention. It is our hypothesis that association between stone formation and development of co-morbidities is a result of certain common pathological features. Review of the recent literature indicates that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and development of oxidative stress (OS) may be such a common pathway. OS is a common feature of all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarct. There is increasing evidence that ROS are also produced during idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. Both tissue culture and animal model studies demonstrate that ROS are produced during interaction between CaOx/calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals and renal epithelial cells. Clinical studies have also provided evidence for the development of oxidative stress in the kidneys of stone forming patients. Renal disorders which lead to OS appear to be a continuum. Stress produced by one disorder may trigger the other under the right circumstances.

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Multiple risk markers for atherogenesis associated with chronic inflammation are detectable in patients with renal stones

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Association between vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and inflammatory markers in urolithiasis patients

Association between vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and inflammatory markers in urolithiasis patients

Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Association with Calcium Oxalate Crystal Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in Kidneys

Is oxidative stress, a link between nephrolithiasis and obesity, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome?

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