Multiple riparian–stream connections are predicted to change in response to salinization

Entrekin, Sally A.; Clay, Natalie A.; Mogilevski, Anastasia; Howard-Parker, Brooke; Evans‐White, Michelle A.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0042

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Management implications.-Using neutrophil: lymphocyte ratios as indicators of chronic stress in Hellbender populations, we were able to elucidate environmental characteristics that may be most valuable for Hellbender population sustainability using an approach with a mechanistic foundation. Specifically, reducing agricultural runoff near Hellbender populations and increasing riparian buffer could be beneficial to mitigate changes in conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and sedimentation and create shade to lower water temperatures (Cooper et al, 1986;Entrekin et al, 2018). A recent multi-scale study on Hellbenders diagnosed catchment-wide riparian (CWR) forest cover as the main predictor of Hellbender demography (Bodinof Jachowski and Hopkins, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratios as a Measure of Chronic Stress in Populations of the Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) across a Habitat Quality Gradient

Litmer

Freake

Murray

2020

Copeia

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Amphibians are currently facing widespread population declines, primarily due to the introduction of anthropogenic stressors, which have the potential to alter ecosystem dynamics and elicit long-term physiological responses resulting in overall population declines. Population assessments typically rely upon genomics, demography, and geographic isolation; however, when physiological parameters are included, mechanistic explanations for population declines can be determined. Rapid population assessments that can be related to specific microhabitat characteristics for management purposes can be achieved by implementing a chronic stress proxy, such as neutrophil: lymphocyte (N:L) ratios. As a long-lived habitat specialist, facing dramatic population declines with state and federally protected populations, the Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) is a good candidate species for applying N:L ratios to assess population vulnerability and habitat quality. This study used N:L ratios as a proxy of chronic stress among Hellbender populations to determine environmental variables potentially correlated with chronic stress. Additionally, comparisons of N:L ratios were made among Hellbender populations to examine applicability of this method for assessing amongpopulation differences. Of the microhabitat variables assessed, high conductivity, low pH, and low dissolved oxygen correlated with elevated N:L ratios. In addition, N:L ratios differed significantly among Hellbender populations, which suggests the utility of N:L ratios as an indicator of population-level differences. Specifically, where traditional methods lack the ability to detect concerns, physiological assessment suggested certain populations may be of concern in regard to experiencing chronic stress. Including physiological parameters in viability and vulnerability assessments more frequently, such as the one described here, can provide evidence of population concerns earlier than traditional methods, and allow for better management strategy by elucidating specific environmental variables contributing to stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratios as a Measure of Chronic Stress in Populations of the Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) across a Habitat Quality Gradient

Litmer

Freake

Murray

2020

Copeia

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“…In rivers and streams changes in water salinity can significantly alter riparian-stream connections through different pathways (e.g. soil and stream decomposers and plant salt uptake) (Entrekin et al, 2019). For example, salinization has been shown to diminish organic matter inputs and processing due to the reduction of riparian vegetation cover (Ladrera et al, 2017) and leaf litter breakdown by invertebrates (Schäfer et al, 2012;Cañedo-Argüelles et al, 2014), respectively.…”

Section: Effects On Ecosystem Functioning and Human Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent advances and future challenges in freshwater salinization

Cañedo‐Argüelles¹

2020

Limnetica

101

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A review of recent advances and future challenges in freshwater salinizationIn spite of being a worldwide phenomenon that can have important ecological, economic and social consequences, freshwater salinization (i.e. the increase in ion concentrations in freshwaters) has been poorly studied when compared with other environmental issues. However, it is receiving increasing attention, with significant scientific advances being made during the last two decades. Here I review the current knowledge on the topic and propose future research directions within the context of human welfare and global change. Freshwater salinization is caused by a wide range of human activities, with agriculture and resource extraction being the most widely documented. Different studies suggest that it could be affecting around 1/3 of freshwater bodies, and this number will very likely increase in the future due to climate and land use changes. The increase in the salinity of freshwaters is known to cause adverse effects on the fitness and survival of many aquatic organisms, however the osmoregulatory mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. Moreover, it has been proved that different ions can have different toxicities to aquatic organisms, but most of the research has focused exclusively on Na + and Cl -. Thus, more investigations on the potential effects of increasing concentrations of other specific ions (e.g. K + , SO 4 2-) are needed. The impact of salinization on freshwater biodiversity can alter ecosystem functioning, although only a few functions have been studied (e.g. leaf litter decomposition). Also, freshwater salinization can affect the delivery of ecosystem services and have direct economic (e.g. infrastructure corrosion) and social (e.g. human health) impacts that have rarely been assessed. The management of this urgent environmental issue needs to be improved through mitigation (e.g. backfilling of mine tailings), remediation (e.g. enhanced wastewater treatment), prevention (e.g. using alternative deicers for roads) and monitoring (e.g. estimating salt loads to freshwater ecosystems) actions.

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“…increased salinity may interfere with food quality leading to changes in trophic interactions (e.g. [78]). Moreover, there might be a risk also of toxin production, with consequences for other organisms inhabiting freshwaters [79].…”

Section: (C) Multigenerational Exposure To Low Levels Of Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of freshwater species under single and multigenerational exposure to seawater intrusion

Venâncio

Castro

Ribeiro

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Salinization of coastal freshwater ecosystems is already occurring in some regions of the world. This phenomenon raises serious concerns on the protection of coastal freshwater ecosystems, since many of them support and shelter a large number of species and are considered hotspots of biodiversity. This work intended to assess the adverse effects that salinization, caused by the intrusion of seawater (SW), may pose to freshwater organisms. In this study, three specific goals were addressed: (i) to assess if sodium chloride (NaCl) may be used as a surrogate of natural SW at early-stages of risk assessment; (ii) to identify the most sensitive freshwater species to salinity NaCl; and (iii) to determine if increased tolerance to salinity may be acquired after multigenerational exposure to low levels of salinization (induced with NaCl). A total of 12 standard monospecific bioassays were carried out by exposing organisms from different taxonomic groups (Cyanobacteria: one species, Tracheophyta: two species, Rotifera: one species, Arthropoda: two species and Mollusca: one species) to a series of concentrations of NaCl (ranging from 0.95 to 22.8 mS cm –1 ) or dilutions of SW (ranging from 1.70 to 52.3 mS cm −1 ). In general, NaCl exerted similar or higher toxicity than SW, both at lethal and sublethal levels, suggesting that it may be proposed as a protective surrogate of SW for first tiers of salinization risk assessment. Among all tested species, the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii , the daphnid Daphnia longispina and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were the most sensitive taxa to salinization (EC 50 ≤ 4.38 mS cm −1 ). Given their position at the basis of the food web, it is suggested that small increments of salinity may be enough to induce structural changes in freshwater communities or induce changes in trophic relations. No clear evidences of increased tolerance after multigenerational exposure to low levels of salinity were found. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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Multiple riparian–stream connections are predicted to change in response to salinization

Cited by 40 publications

References 147 publications

Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratios as a Measure of Chronic Stress in Populations of the Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) across a Habitat Quality Gradient

Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratios as a Measure of Chronic Stress in Populations of the Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) across a Habitat Quality Gradient

A review of recent advances and future challenges in freshwater salinization

Sensitivity of freshwater species under single and multigenerational exposure to seawater intrusion

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