Multiple Response Optimization of a HPLC Method for Analyzing Resorcinol and 4-<i>n</i>-Butyl Resorcinol in Lipid Nanoparticles

Abstract

Resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol have been used to improve skin health. However, these two compounds were unstable due to the oxidation process. Lipid nanoparticle formulation strategies were reported as the solution to overcome the stability problem for both resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol. Nevertheless, it is important to determine the content of resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol in lipid nanoparticle formulation. Aiming to develop the analytical method for resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol determination, a response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in the HPLC optimization stage. An optimized HPLC condition was obtained by generating a Box-Behnken design followed by multiple response analysis. It was obtained that optimized HPLC conditions due to the predictive multiple response optimization were methanol percentage of 50.0%, acetonitrile percentage of 18.1%, and flow rate of 0.6 mL min–1. This optimized condition was successfully applied and met the requirements of the system suitability test. Quantitative estimation was performed and resulted that the resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol content in lipid nanoparticles were 70.37 ± 0.47 and 95.07 ± 0.80 µg mL–1, respectively.

Application of the central composite design approach for optimization of the nanosilver formula using a natural bioreductor from Camellia sinensis L. extract

“…The process of determining the optimum formula was carried out using the response optimizer menu since it was reported in a previous study that the multiple response optimization can be carried out using the Minitab software (Dwiastuti et al, 2021). The optimization target was set up with a target wavelength at 425 nm (the lower limit was at 400 nm, and the upper limit was at 450 nm), and the percentage of transmittance was at maximum conditions.…”

“…Five milliliters of the black tea leaf (C. sinensis L.) infusion and 45 ml of the AgNO 3 solution were mixed in a beaker and stirred using a stirrer at the speed of 600 rpm for 10 minutes at ±75°C. This method was developed as a modification of the previous studies (Christania et al, 2020;Fabiani et al, 2019;Rengga et al, 2017;Zhou and Tang, 2018). Nanosilver purification was carried out by centrifuging colloid at the speed of 2,000 rpm for 15 minutes.…”

“…In the previous study, some extracts from natural products were reported to be involved in nanoparticle synthesis such as Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaves (Wendri et al, 2017), Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves (Aryantini et al, 2017), and Tristaniopsis merguensis leaves (Fabiani et al, 2019).…”

“…The most abundant polyphenol compound in the aqueous extract of black tea leaves was rutin (Tong et al, 2019). Rutin, a glycoside of the flavonoid quercetin with a molecular formula of C 27 H 30 O 16 , is soluble in water with a solubility of 130 mg/l (Aizawa et al, 2018;Enogieru et al, 2018;PubChem, 2020). According to the research conducted by Tong et al (2019), each gram of black tea leaf powder (Camellia sinensis L.) contains 24.8 mg of rutin equivalent.…”

Response Surface Optimization of Gamma Irradiation Synthesis of Alginate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Without Addition of a Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger

“…These reactive species are created in very high concentration and begin to migrate randomly about ) and dissolved oxygen are strong oxidizing agents that can oxidize silver atom into silver ion [10,25]. Since reduction and oxidation reactions occur randomly during the irradiation processing, the statistical optimization of the experimental conditions is critical in development of synthesis methods [26,27].…”