Multiple reproductive females in family groups of smooth-coated otters

Abstract

Smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) are inhabitants of the waterways of India and Singapore. Otter families typically consist of a single mating pair with mature, nonbreeding siblings living in family groups, or "romps". We note here the presence of multiple reproductive female otters within some romps, as well as the possible existence of simultaneous litters by different mothers. This phenomenon has not been recorded among L. perspicillata before. Here we address possible influences leading to multiple reproductive females within romps of smooth-coated otters, including inclusive fitness, incomplete suppression of reproduction, and existing in an urban environment. The numerous, recurring observations of multiple reproductive females warrant further investigation; while uncommon, this phenomenon is not as rare as once thought.

Agonism between family groups of cooperative breeding smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata)

“…Of 13 extant species of otters ( Lutrinae ), several are social (Lodé et al, 2021), and at least three are cooperative breeders: giant ( Pteronura brasiliensis ), small-clawed ( Aonyx cinereus ), and smooth-coated ( Lutrogale perspicillata ) otters (Bungum et al, 2021; Lélias et al, 2021). Smooth-coated otters typically live in family groups (“romps”) that consist of a breeding pair and their offspring of different ages (Bungum et al, 2021). These groups occupy and defend home ranges that vary in size and quality depending on the availability of food and shelter resources (Estes, 1989; Kruuk, 2006).…”

Environmental Conditions and Vigilance Behaviour in the Smooth-coated Otter, Lutrogale perspicillata

“…The smooth-coated otter ( Lutrogale perspicillata ) is one of four species of otter found in Asia and is typically found in groups of 1-9 (Hussain 1997, Bungum et al 2021) within the waterways of Asia (Estes 1986). They are classified as vulnerable by the IUCN with a decreasing population trend (de Silva et al 2015), largely due to anthropogenic influences such as habitat change (for example the production of dams) or illegal collection occuring due to the pet trade or for their fur (Gomez et al 2016).…”