Multiple regions of the Arabidopsis SAUR-AC1 gene control transcript abundance: the 3′ untranslated region functions as an mRNA instability determinant.

Gil, Pedro; Green, P. J.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00513.x

Cited by 82 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…SAUR transcripts, which are among the most unstable plant mRNAs, with half-lives of between 10 and 50 min, are induced within minutes of the application of auxin. The instability of SAUR mRNAs has been attributed mainly to the presence of a conserved DST element in their 39 UTRs (Gil et al, 1994;Gil and Green, 1996). Consistent with data obtained for the SAURs, our analysis of two photosynthetic genes led to the observation that the 39 UTR of RbcS1 and Cab1 mRNA harbors one of the important determinants of instability of these transcripts under stress conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Posttranscriptional Control of Photosynthetic mRNA Decay under Stress Conditions Requires 3′ and 5′ Untranslated Regions and Correlates with Differential Polysome Association in Rice

et al. 2012

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Abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Expression profiling of total messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from rice (Oryza sativa) leaves grown under stress conditions revealed that the transcript levels of photosynthetic genes are reduced more rapidly than others, a phenomenon referred to as stress-induced mRNA decay (SMD). By comparing RNA polymerase II engagement with the steady-state mRNA level, we show here that SMD is a posttranscriptional event. The SMD of photosynthetic genes was further verified by measuring the half-lives of the small subunit of Rubisco (RbcS1) and Chlorophyll a/b-Binding Protein1 (Cab1) mRNAs during stress conditions in the presence of the transcription inhibitor cordycepin. To discern any correlation between SMD and the process of translation, changes in total and polysome-associated mRNA levels after stress were measured. Total and polysome-associated mRNA levels of two photosynthetic (RbcS1 and Cab1) and two stress-inducible (Dehydration Stress-Inducible Protein1 and Salt-Induced Protein) genes were found to be markedly similar. This demonstrated the importance of polysome association for transcript stability under stress conditions. Microarray experiments performed on total and polysomal mRNAs indicate that approximately half of all mRNAs that undergo SMD remain polysome associated during stress treatments. To delineate the functional determinant(s) of mRNAs responsible for SMD, the RbcS1 and Cab1 transcripts were dissected into several components. The expressions of different combinations of the mRNA components were analyzed under stress conditions, revealing that both 39 and 59 untranslated regions are necessary for SMD. Our results, therefore, suggest that the posttranscriptional control of photosynthetic mRNA decay under stress conditions requires both 39 and 59 untranslated regions and correlates with differential polysome association.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Posttranscriptional Control of Photosynthetic mRNA Decay under Stress Conditions Requires 3′ and 5′ Untranslated Regions and Correlates with Differential Polysome Association in Rice

et al. 2012

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“…This may also explain why neither of the dst mutants had an obvious developmental or morphological mutant phenotype. Thus far, the DST element has been implicated experimentally only in the regulation of the SAUR genes (7). Although the function of the SAUR gene products is unknown, the expression patterns of these genes suggest an early role in auxin-induced cell elongation (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DST element is found in the 3Ј UTR of the small auxin up RNA (SAUR) transcripts, which are among the most unstable mRNAs in plants, having half-lives of 10-50 min (4)(5)(6). On the basis of their expression properties, the SAUR genes have been implicated in auxin-induced cell elongation (6), and their transcripts appear to be constitutively unstable so that their abundance can be rapidly altered in response to transcriptional control by the plant hormone auxin (7). All unstable SAUR transcripts contain conserved DST sequences, so-called because of their location downstream of the coding region (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All unstable SAUR transcripts contain conserved DST sequences, so-called because of their location downstream of the coding region (5). A dimer of the DST element (8) or the 3Ј end of the Arabidopsis thaliana SAUR-AC1 gene, which contains a DST element (7), are sufficient to destabilize reporter transcripts in plant cells. The DST sequence is approximately 45 nt in length and is comprised of three highly conserved domains separated by two variable regions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutants of Arabidopsis defective in a sequence-specific mRNA degradation pathway

Johnson

Pérez‐Amador

Lidder

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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One of the ways a cell can rapidly and tightly regulate gene expression is to target specific mRNAs for rapid decay. A number of mRNA instability sequences that mediate rapid mRNA decay have been identified, particularly from multicellular eukaryotes, but pinpointing the cellular components that play critical roles in sequence-specific decay in vivo has been more difficult. In contrast, general pathways of mRNA degradation in yeast have been well established through the analysis of mutants affecting the general mRNA decay machinery. Strategies to isolate mutants in sequencespecific mRNA decay pathways, although extremely limited so far, have the potential to be just as powerful. In the study reported here, a selection in transgenic plants allowed the isolation of rare mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that elevate the abundance of mRNAs that contain the plant mRNA instability sequence called DST (downstream element). This instability sequence is highly conserved in unstable small auxin up RNA (SAUR) transcripts. Genetic analysis of two dst mutants isolated via this selection showed that they are incompletely dominant and represent two independent loci. In addition to affecting DST-containing transgene mRNAs, mutations at both loci increased the abundance of the endogenous DST-containing SAUR-AC1 mRNA, but not controls lacking DST sequences. That these phenotypes are caused by deficiencies in DST-mediated mRNA decay was supported by mRNA stability measurements in transgenic plants. Isolation of the dst mutants provides a means to study sequence-specific mRNA degradation in vivo and establishes a method to isolate similar mutants from other organisms.

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“…Rapid, transient increases in transcript levels are a common early response to changes in hormone levels (47)(48)(49). The SCL6-III, ARF8, and MYB33 are all proteins that are either known or likely transcriptional regulators mediating hormone responses (22,50,51).…”

Section: Dsrna-mediated Ptgs Is Not Compromised In the Hyl1 Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis double-stranded RNA-binding protein HYL1 plays a role in microRNA-mediated gene regulation

Han

Goud

Song

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

468

387

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The Arabidopsis HYL1 gene encodes a nuclear double-stranded RNA-binding protein. A knockout mutation of the hyl1 gene is recessive and pleiotropic, causing developmental abnormalities, increasing sensitivity to abscisic acid, and reducing sensitivity to auxin and cytokinin. We report that levels of several microRNAs (miRNAs; miR159, -167, and -171) are reduced in homozygous mutant plants, and levels of two of three tested target mRNAs are elevated. Conversely, the miRNA levels are elevated in plants expressing a HYL1 cDNA from a strong promoter, and the corresponding target RNAs are reduced. These changes result from alterations in the stability of the target RNAs. However, doublestranded RNA-induced posttranscriptional gene silencing is unaffected by the hyl1 mutation. One-third to one-half of the cellular HYL1 protein is in a macromolecular complex, and a GFP-HYL1 fusion protein is found predominantly in the nucleus, although it is observed in both nucleus and cytoplasm in some cells. Within nuclei, HYL1 is associated with subnuclear bodies and ring-like structures. These observations provide evidence that the HYL1 protein is part of a nuclear macromolecular complex that is involved in miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Because hyl1 mutants show marked abnormalities in hormone responses, these results further suggest that miRNA-mediated changes in mRNA stability play a vital role in plant hormone signaling.

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Multiple regions of the Arabidopsis SAUR-AC1 gene control transcript abundance: the 3′ untranslated region functions as an mRNA instability determinant.

Cited by 82 publications

References 41 publications

Posttranscriptional Control of Photosynthetic mRNA Decay under Stress Conditions Requires 3′ and 5′ Untranslated Regions and Correlates with Differential Polysome Association in Rice

Posttranscriptional Control of Photosynthetic mRNA Decay under Stress Conditions Requires 3′ and 5′ Untranslated Regions and Correlates with Differential Polysome Association in Rice

Mutants of Arabidopsis defective in a sequence-specific mRNA degradation pathway

The Arabidopsis double-stranded RNA-binding protein HYL1 plays a role in microRNA-mediated gene regulation

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