2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.056
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Multiple recombination events between field and vaccine strains resulted in the emergence of a novel infectious bronchitis virus with decreased pathogenicity and altered replication capacity

Abstract: In this study, we isolated and identified 2 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains from layer chickens soon after vaccination with the Massachusetts-Connecticut bivalent vaccine (Conn) and H120 and 4/91 booster vaccines in China in 2011. The results of crossvirus-neutralization tests and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 subunit of spike gene of these vaccine strains and other reference strains showed that strain LJL/110302 was of GI-19 lineage, whereas LLN/111169 was of the GI-1 lineage of the Conn serotype.… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(12 citation statements)
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References 38 publications
(43 reference statements)
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“…Some strains had multiple recombination breaking points, a finding that is congruent with the results previously reported from Asia. For example, Ren and coworkers [ 35 ] found that a Chinese origin field isolate emerged from multiple recombination events with at least three recombination breakpoints between a field isolate (designated as LJL/110302-like) and two vaccine strains (Conn-like and 4/91-like). Additionally, Zhou and coworkers described a recombinant field strain isolated from a vaccinated flock whose genome was found to have originated from multiple template switches among field strains (Ck/CH/LSC/99I-, tI/CH/LTD3/03-type) and vaccine strains (QX-like, 4/91-type) [ 36 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some strains had multiple recombination breaking points, a finding that is congruent with the results previously reported from Asia. For example, Ren and coworkers [ 35 ] found that a Chinese origin field isolate emerged from multiple recombination events with at least three recombination breakpoints between a field isolate (designated as LJL/110302-like) and two vaccine strains (Conn-like and 4/91-like). Additionally, Zhou and coworkers described a recombinant field strain isolated from a vaccinated flock whose genome was found to have originated from multiple template switches among field strains (Ck/CH/LSC/99I-, tI/CH/LTD3/03-type) and vaccine strains (QX-like, 4/91-type) [ 36 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…New variants may arise if the WT and vaccine SARS-CoV-2 are allowed to recombine in human host cells, as it was in the cases of other coronaviruses. In fact, recombination between the vaccine and WT strains of IBV seems to increase the diversity of circulating strains [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. There are several steps that can be undertaken to reduce the likelihood of a recombinant virus appearing from WT-vaccine recombination.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many vaccines are available due to the existence of different strains and limited cross-protection [ 28 , 37 ]. On the other hand, attenuated IBV viruses can recombine to yield new strains [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], while the sequences of vaccine strains themselves are frequently not known [ 42 ]. Nevertheless, attenuated IBV vaccines are routinely used and efficacious [ 43 , 44 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The upper respiratory tract (UTI) is the principal site of IBV replication; subsequently, viremia causes viral multiplication to disseminate to other tissue through blood circulation [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. IBV can be persistent in the long term in the cecal tonsils and kidneys due to the continuous cross-infection of infected or immune flocks [ 44 , 47 ]. In acute cases, clinical signs are identified in the respiratory tract, which is the preferred spot for pooling samples.…”
Section: Factors Influencing Ibv Diagnosismentioning
confidence: 99%