SO2 linkage photoisomerization in crystalline ruthenium-based
complexes has demonstrated nanophotonic phenomena such as optical
switching and nano-optomechanical transduction. Molecular insights
into these materials have been explored largely via the characterization
of their photoinduced crystal structures via in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction, known as photocrystallography.
Photoinduced molecular disorder is present, which photocrystallography
can model to the extent that it is confined within the periodic boundary
of a unit cell. However, non-periodic molecular disorder is suspected
to exist as well. In situ total scattering experiments
were therefore carried out on finely powdered crystals of four ruthenium–sulfur
dioxide complexes. Data were modeled using ‘light-minus-dark’
difference pair distribution function analysis, which afforded photoinduced
structural changes exclusively. This revealed structural features
that were first compared against models of photoinduced crystal structures
known a priori from photocrystallography. Statistical
inference was then employed, which evidenced generally good agreement
between the total scattering data and the photocrystallographic models,
while revealing real differences that are indicative of a structure
with only a short-range order. Overall, our findings demonstrate that in situ light-induced total scattering experiments on finely
powdered crystals are able to reveal the photoinduced structure. The
evidence suggests that such structure could include a short-range
order as well as photocrystallographic content. Our demonstration
experiment offers a pathway to develop studies that capture the short-range
order in linkage photoisomers, while we have outlined the procedure
for testing the validity of associated structural models.