Multiple pulmonary artery mycotic aneurysms and septic emboli in a patient with tricuspid valve vegetation and infective endocarditis

Giant pulmonary artery aneurysm in a child: Rare complication of congenital heart disease

“…Most PAA dissections occur in the context of CHD, probably related to a longer duration of exposure to elevated PA pressure 4 . Infections and connective tissue disease can coexist with CHD and contribute to aneurysm formation 12 …”

“…Pyogenic bacterial infections are an increasingly common cause of PAAs, called mycotic aneurysms, exclusively located in more peripheral branches 12 . Mycotic and Rasmussen aneurysms share similar risk factors and can have indistinguishable clinical and image findings on CXR and CTA 12 . Advanced syphilis used to be a frequent cause of PAA involving large PAs 6 .…”

“…Autoimmune vasculitis of the PAs, such as Behcet's disease and Hughes‐Stovin syndrome (HSS), are associated with cases of PAA 5 . Some of the above cases can be managed conservatively with antibiotics and immunosuppressants, especially when the aneurysm size is small and stable 12,13 …”

Infectious Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm That Resolved with Conservative Treatment

“…Conservative treatment is mainly applied to non-urgent, asymptomatic cases and may be inadequate in preventing growth or rupture in complex cases (1). In addition, smaller pseudoaneurysms tend to heal by fibrosis on their own (12), and conservative management has been reported to be successful in such cases (3,4,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Systemic hemostatic agents may also be effective in decreasing the severity of hemoptysis and possibly reducing the in-hospital mortality of patients with hemoptysis (21,22).…”

Necrotizing MRSA pneumonia with mycotic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in an infant

“…Endovascular lodgement of bacteria and repeated intravascular septic thromboemboli to pulmonary arterial tree may have led to destruction and weakening of the vessel wall, forming a saccular outpouching and thus a pseudoaneurysm. 7 Other proposed mechanisms include a direct extension of a septic focus in the lungs into an adjacent pulmonary artery or seeding of the vasa vasorum by infectious microemboli. 8 Lymphocyte counts, immunoglobulin levels, and tuberculin skin testing revealed normal results.…”