“…Many TATA-less RNA polymerase II promoters contain typical initiator elements, i.e., short conserved sequences that are bound by proteins of the transcriptional machinery. Some of these promoters, including the CD3, CD4, CD11c, CD18, CD72, IL-2R, TGF RII, Ets-2, murine laminin B2, type IV collagenase, thymidylate synthetase, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV promoters possess Ets-like binding motifs near their transcriptional start sites, suggesting a new class of initiator elements (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). Recently, two PEA3 motifs that are bound by GABP factors were shown to function as a minimal transcriptional initiator element when placed in front of a luciferase gene (46).…”