Multiple preferred escape trajectories are explained by a geometric model incorporating prey’s turn and predator attack endpoint

Kawabata, Youhei; Akada, Hideyuki; Shimatani, Kenichiro; Nishihara, Gregory N.; Kimura, Hibiki; Nishiumi, Nozomi; Domenici, Paolo

doi:10.7554/elife.77699

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This pattern is largely consistent regardless of the noise intensity of the flee angle (see SI Appendix, Fig. S7) and is consistent with previous theoretical results (10,15,(31)(32)(33) for a single deterministic prey agent, i.e., in the absence of noise and interactions with the conspecifics. However, we note that here, the optimal flee angle ∆α * f lee = 30 • emerges in the absence of an explicit blind angle in prey as it was suggested based on theoretical consideration in Hall et al (11), but within the context of the spatial self-organisation of the Voronoi interaction network.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Fountain effects are currently understood to be a by-product of individual escape manoeuvres, where animals attempt to flee while maintaining the predator inside their visual fields, inducing angles of escape that depend on the predator's position (10,11). Similar to other escape rules of solitary prey (12)(13)(14)(15), these models suggest prey can maximise their distances from the predator, but do not consider the role of social interactions during these escape manoeuvres. Indeed, optimal escape rules are likely to be affected by social interactions, given empirical studies show grouping prey often flee with more uniform escape trajectories than solitary ones (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies

Bartashevich,

Herbert-Read,

Hansen

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The collective dynamics of self-organised systems emerge from the decision rules agents use to respond to each other and to external forces. This is evident in groups of animals under attack from predators, where understanding collective escape patterns requires evaluating the risks and rewards associated with particular social rules, prey escape behaviour, and predator attack strategies. Here, we find that the emergence of the "fountain effect", a common collective pattern observed when animal groups evade predators, is the outcome of rules designed to maximise individual survival chances given predator hunting decisions. Using drone-based empirical observations of schooling sardine prey (Sardinops sagax caerulea) attacked by striped marlin (Kajikia audax), we first find the majority of attacks produce fountain effects, with the dynamics of these escapes dependent on the predator's attack direction. Then, using a spatially-explicit agent-based model of predator-prey dynamics, we show that fountain manoeuvres can emerge from combining an optimal individual prey escape angle with social interactions. The escape rule appears to prioritise maximising the distance to the predator and creates conflict in the effectiveness of predators' attacks and the prey's avoidance, explaining the empirically observed predators' attack strategies and the fountain evasions produced by prey. Overall, we identify the proximate and ultimate explanations for fountain effects and more generally highlight that the collective patterns of self-organised predatory-prey systems can be understood by considering both social escape rules and attack strategies.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies

Bartashevich,

Herbert-Read,

Hansen

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another potential application is the elicitation of escape responses in prey species. Many studies have employed artificial stimuli such as dummy predators, air-puffs, or dropping balls, to trigger escape responses in prey (Camhi and Tom 1978, Meager et al 2006, Marras and Domenici 2013, Kawabata et al 2023.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most common tactics when encountering a predator is the escape response, which includes turning swiftly and accelerating away from it Blumstein 2015, Domenici andHale 2019). Numerous studies have explored the environmental and internal factors that influence the behavioral and kinematic variables associated with the escape response, such as reaction distance, escape trajectory, response latency, and speed (Cooper et al 2003, Meager et al 2006, Bateman and Fleming 2014, Kawabata et al 2023. These studies assume that these variables determine the success or failure of predator evasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated escape system: identifying prey’s kinematic and behavioral features critical for predator evasion

Sunami,

Kimura,

Ito

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Identifying the kinematic and behavioral variables of prey that influence the evasion from predator attacks is essential not only for comprehending the determinants of successful predator evasion but also for shedding light on the evolution of specific traits and the dynamics of predator-prey relationships on a larger scale. However, quantifying the relationship between these variables and the success or failure of predator evasion is challenging, particularly for variables with small variations within prey species. One promising approach to address this challenge is the use of a simulated prey system, which allows us to manipulate the kinematic and behavioral features of prey and expose them to real predators. Nevertheless, creating a system that moves comparably to real prey animals remains difficult, especially for invertebrate and lower vertebrate species that respond quickly to predators and escape rapidly. In this study, we have developed an automated escape system that is comparable to real prey species, responding to a predator within tens of milliseconds and escaping at over 1.0 m/s. The system automatically detects an approaching predator and pulls the prey away from the predator once the predator reaches a predetermined threshold distance. Reaction distance, response latency, as well as escaping speed, duration, and direction can be adjusted in the system. By repeatedly measuring the response latency and escaping speed of the system, we demonstrated the system's ability to exhibit fast and rapid responses while maintaining consistency across successive trials. As a case study, we manipulated the escape speed and reaction distance of the prey to expose them to a predatory fish, Coreoperca kawamebari. The results show that both variables significantly affect the outcome of predator-prey interactions. These findings indicate that the developed escape system is useful for identifying kinematic and behavioral features of prey that are critical for predator evasion. Moreover, due to its relatively low cost and customizability, we propose that this system can be applied to investigate various aspects of animal behaviors (e.g., eliciting escape responses by artificial stimuli) in different animal species.

show abstract

“…Based on a review of animal studies, it has been recently put forward that sameness may be a natural concept that does not require learning ( Zentall 2021 ). One interesting hypothesis is that this might also apply to opposition, especially considering that the ability to move in opposite directions in space might represent a significant variable in the avoidance behavior and the escape trajectories of animals ( Domenici and Ruxton 2015 ; Kawabata et al 2023 ). However, a robust basis of data is needed before a search for explanations can be carried out.…”

Section: Final Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception of Similarity, Difference and Opposition

Bianchi,

Burro

2023

J. Intell.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

After considering the pervasiveness of same/different relationships in Psychology and the experimental evidence of their perceptual foundation in Psychophysics and Infant and Comparative Psychology, this paper develops its main argument. Similarity and diversity do not complete the panorama since opposition constitutes a third relationship which is distinct from the other two. There is evidence of this in the previous literature investigating the perceptual basis of opposition and in the results of the two new studies presented in this paper. In these studies, the participants were asked to indicate to what extent pairs of simple bi-dimensional figures appeared to be similar, different or opposite to each other. A rating task was used in Study 1 and a pair comparison task was used in Study 2. Three main results consistently emerged: Firstly, opposition is distinct from similarity and difference which, conversely, are in a strictly inverse relationship. Secondly, opposition is specifically linked to something which points in an allocentrically opposite direction. Thirdly, alterations to the shape of an object are usually associated with the perception of diversity rather than opposition. The implications of a shift from a dyadic (same/different) to a triadic (similar/different/opposite) paradigm are discussed in the final section.

show abstract

Multiple preferred escape trajectories are explained by a geometric model incorporating prey’s turn and predator attack endpoint

Cited by 6 publications

References 70 publications

Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies

Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies

Automated escape system: identifying prey’s kinematic and behavioral features critical for predator evasion

The Perception of Similarity, Difference and Opposition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About