Multiple Potential Stressors and Dieback of Phragmites australis in the Mississippi River Delta, USA: Implications for Restoration

Cronin, James T.; Johnston, Joseph; Díaz, Rodrigo

doi:10.1007/s13157-020-01356-8

Cited by 16 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Lastly, in Taiwan, we found that the mean density of live P . australis stems was overall higher than was reported in the Mississippi River Delta (24.4 stems per 0.25 m 2 quadrats as compared to an average of 16.7 stems per 0.25 m 2 quadrats) (Cronin et al., 2020). Thus overall, these comparisons suggest that P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Knight et al (2020) found that scale densities were up to seven times greater on the Delta-type compared to the EU-type. Similarly, scales reduced biomass of the Delta-type and EU-type by 38% and 32% (Cronin et al, 2020). Research into the correlation between scale infestations and dieback of the P. australis plants in the Mississippi River Delta is ongoing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the population of the scales increased, there was a reduction in the stem density of the common reed stands, leaving the underlying soil vulnerable to erosion from wave action and storm surges (Knight et al, 2018). Cronin et al (2020) and Knight et al (2020) have reported that severe infestation of N. biwakoensis on P. australis can significantly reduce plant height, plant biomass and the proportion of the stem with green leaf tissue. The Mississippi River Delta region includes several lineages of P. australis, and these appear to respond differently to the scale (Cronin et al, 2020;Knight et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mississippi River Delta region includes several lineages of P . australis, and these appear to respond differently to the scale (Cronin et al., 2020; Knight et al., 2020). Knight et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, damage by sap‐feeding includes direct reduction of plant nutrients and carbohydrates, build‐up of sooty moulds growing on secreted honeydew that can reduce photosynthesis and impact the general health and growth of the plants (Bowling et al., 2016), and obstructing airflow to roots (Armstrong et al., 1996). Mesocosm studies found that Phragmites plants that were highly infested with N. biwakoensis scale showed a reduction in green tissue and sometimes biomass and stem height, but it was highly dependent on the genetic variety of P. australis (Cronin et al., 2020; Knight et al., 2020). Hodges and Hodges (2004) reported that severe outbreaks of invasive sap‐sucking scale insects can result in a similar reduction in the growth vigour of bamboo stands, leading ultimately to plant death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploratory surveys in Taiwan of the roseau cane scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and its associated parasitoids

Cortez

Chu

Broadley³

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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Roseau cane (Phragmites australis (Cav). Trin. ex Steud.) is the dominant plant species of the Mississippi River Delta in Louisiana, USA, and protects the coastline from erosion and storm-related impacts, maintaining shipping channels and oil infrastructure.Widespread dieback and thinning of P. australis were noted in the Mississippi River Delta in the fall of 2016. Invasive populations of the roseau cane scale (Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana), which is native to Asia, were found at outbreak levels in the stands. Subsequent research implicated N. biwakoensis in the diebacks. As a safe, costeffective and long-term approach for managing this invasive scale, classical (importation) biological control methods are being considered. As the first step to developing biological control, research evaluating the natural enemies of the N. biwakoensis in the native range is necessary. This study investigated the population dynamics of N. biwakoensis and its associated parasitoids on P. australis in Taiwan from July to November 2019 at five study sites. Scale densities across sites increased over the growing season, peaking in September at 85.77 ± 6.36 scales/stem, which is half as dense as found in Louisiana. Mean parasitism of adult female scales across sites and season was 14.00%, while parasitism on immature scales was lower (3.00%). Four parasitoid wasp species were reared from the scale-Asytymachus lasallei Noyes and Higashiura, Boucekiella depressa Hoffer, Neastymachus japonicus Tachikawa and Aprostocetus sp.Westwood. Neastymachus japonicus was the dominant species parasitizing adult female scales, while A. lasallei was the dominant wasp species parasitizing immature scales. Astymachus lasallei and B. depressa were frequently reared from the same individual host, suggesting multiparasitism or hyperparasitism. Overall, this study provides important information on the identity and role of parasitoids of N. biwakoensis in its native range, which will aid in developing a classical biological control programme for the invasive N. biwakoensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exploratory surveys in Taiwan of the roseau cane scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and its associated parasitoids

Cortez

Chu

Broadley³

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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DNA assays for genetic discrimination of threePhragmites australissubspecies in the United States

et al. 2023

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To genetically discriminate subspecies of the common reed (Phragmites australis), we developed real-time quantitative (qPCR) assays for identifying P. australis subsp. americanus, P. australis subsp. australis, and P. australis subsp. berlandieri. Methods and Results: Utilizing study-generated chloroplast DNA sequences, we developed three novel qPCR assays. Assays were verified on individuals of each subspecies and against two non-target species, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea. One assay amplifies only P. australis subsp. americanus, one amplifies P. australis subsp. australis and/or P. australis subsp. berlandieri, and one amplifies P. australis subsp. americanus and/or P. australis subsp. australis. This protocol enhances currently available rapid identification methods by providing genetic discrimination of all three subspecies. Conclusions: The newly developed assays were validated using P. australis samples from across the United States. Application of these assays outside of this geographic range should be preceded by additional testing.

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Bird predation on Roseau cane scale as revealed by a web image search and querying a citizen monitoring database

Noriyuki

Matsumoto

Yoshikawa³

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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An invasion of Roseau cane scale, Nipponaclerda biwakoensis, native to East Asia, is associated with recent widespread dieback of common reed stands in the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana. A previous study suggested that, in its native range, the combined mortality from Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus and parasitoid wasps may control the abundance of Roseau cane scale. However, there is limited knowledge about which other bird species may prey on Roseau cane scale or the feeding patterns of these birds. Here we used web search and citizen science monitoring data to tabulate bird predation events on Roseau cane scales across sites in Japan and determine which bird species may be the most important predators and when the observed feeding typically occurs. We scanned web entries using both Google image searches and the social networking services including Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Additionally, we accessed long‐term field observation records obtained by volunteer monitoring conducted by the members of the Kanagawa Branch of the Wild Bird Society of Japan. By using these citizen science approaches, we detected 16 bird species, mainly Common Reed Bunting but also other migratory and resident species, preying on the Roseau cane scale in reed beds throughout central Japan and most detection occurred during the winter. This study demonstrates that biological information obtained from publicly available data from citizen observers can be useful for exploring ecological patterns of various species including potential predators against invasive species.

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Multiple Potential Stressors and Dieback of Phragmites australis in the Mississippi River Delta, USA: Implications for Restoration

Cited by 16 publications

References 96 publications

Exploratory surveys in Taiwan of the roseau cane scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and its associated parasitoids

Exploratory surveys in Taiwan of the roseau cane scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and its associated parasitoids

DNA assays for genetic discrimination of threePhragmites australissubspecies in the United States

Bird predation on Roseau cane scale as revealed by a web image search and querying a citizen monitoring database

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