Multiple Polarization Encoding for Gray Image Encryption Based on Liquid Crystal Exclusive OR Logic

Tu, Han Yen; Chen, Mao Ling; Cheng, Chau Jern

doi:10.1007/s10043-006-0308-y

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…One of the major concerns in phase-based cryptosystems is that complex-valued functions are difficult to fabricate, record, and store. Hence, as a solution many cryptosystems based on intensity measurements have been reported [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In this context, polarization-based encoding methods have been a subject of investigation, because they are based on intensity measurements [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, polarization-based encoding methods have been a subject of investigation, because they are based on intensity measurements [11,12]. In one of the approaches, exclusive-OR (XOR) operation has been implemented optically for developing cryptosystems, using polarization encoding [12][13][14][15][16]. Han et al proposed image encryption using liquid crystal devices for polarization encoding, in which each pixel is individually encrypted using XOR operation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Han et al proposed image encryption using liquid crystal devices for polarization encoding, in which each pixel is individually encrypted using XOR operation [12]. Since then, the technique has been experimentally demonstrated by many researchers [14][15][16]. Though these cryptosystems have simple optical implementation, these systems were found to be insecure [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Image encryption using phase-encoded exclusive-OR operations with incoherent illumination

Kumar

Fatima

Nishchal

2019

J. Opt.

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Exclusive-OR (XOR) operation is a popular technique in optical cryptography. The linear and inverse properties of XOR operation provide a simple way of encryption but in some cases fail to provide strong security. In XOR-based image encryption, each pixel is individually encrypted, therefore secret information can be traced with partial knowledge of the key. In this paper, we describe a simple and practical method to improve the strength and effectiveness of XOR-based encryption. A higher level of security is achieved by implementing a phase retrieval algorithm with XOR operation. Another advantage of the proposed scheme is that the optical XOR operation is demonstrated using incoherent light sources, which make the system compact, speckle free, and cost effective. Also, to overcome the problem of quality degradation while decrypting, quick response code-based ciphertext has been implemented. Both simulation and experimental results are demonstrated as a proof-of-concept.

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