Multiple point electrical stimulation of ulnar and median nerves.

Kadrie, H A; Yates, Stephen K.; Milner-Brown, H. S.; Brown, William F.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.39.10.973

Cited by 107 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…With voluntary contraction, small MUs (supplied by small motor axons) are activated at lower thresholds, and larger motor units are activated with increasing force. 19 After electrical stimulation, the order of activation of MUs has not been clearly established, 21,41 but is probably dependent on motor axon properties, conductivity of surrounding tissue, location of axons within fascicles, and location of fascicles within the nerve. The classic view has been that large-diameter axons are more easily excited by electrical stimuli than smaller axons, and that activation proceeds from largest to smallest axons.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The stimulus–response curve and motor unit variability in normal subjects and subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

et al. 2006

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The behavior and stability of motor units (MUs) in response to electrical stimulation of different intensities can be assessed with the stimulus-response curve, which is a graphical representation of the size of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in relation to stimulus intensity. To examine MU characteristics across the whole stimulus range, the variability of CMAP responses to electrical stimulation, and the differences that occur between normal and disease states, the curve was studied in 11 normal subjects and 16 subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In normal subjects, the curve showed a gradual increase in CMAP size with increasing stimulus intensity, although one or two discrete steps were sometimes observed in the upper half of the curve, indicating the activation of large MUs at higher intensities. In ALS subjects, large discrete steps, due to loss of MUs and collateral sprouting, were frequently present. Variability of the CMAP responses was greater than baseline variability, indicating variability of MU responses, and at certain levels this variability was up to 100 microVms. The stimulus-response curve shows differences between normal and ALS subjects and provides information on MU activation and variability throughout the curve.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The stimulus–response curve and motor unit variability in normal subjects and subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

et al. 2006

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“…Variability of individual motor units after repeated stimulation is perhaps more pronounced in patients with ALS/MND. Some newer measures such as motor unit index and multipoint incremental stimulation have addressed this issue, but these methods have not yet been accepted routinely [76][77][78].…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Understanding and Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease

Rosenfeld¹,

Strong

2015

Neurotherapeutics

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With the acceleration in our understanding of ALS and the related motor neuron disease has come even greater challenges in reconciling all of the proposed pathogenic mechanisms and how this will translate into impactful treatments. Fundamental issues such as diagnostic definition(s) of the disease spectrum, relevant biomarkers, the impact of multiple novel genetic mutations and the significant effect of symptomatic treatments on disease progression are all areas of active investigation. In this review, we will focus on these key issues and highlight the challenges that confront both clinicians and basic science researchers.

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“…organ (Edry-Schiller, Ginsburg & Rahamimoff, 1991), which is homologous to the neuromuscular system, in the neuromuscular junction of the gig mutant of Drosophila (Martinez-Padron & Ferru's, 1995) and in neurohypophysial nerve terminals of the rat (Thorn, Wang & Lemos, 1991;Bielefeldt, Rotter & Jackson, 1992). The presence of an inactivating K+ permeability has also been suggested in rat brain synaptosomes (Bartschat & Blaustein, 1985 (Hodes, Gribetz, Moskowitz & Wagman, 1965;Kadrie, Yates, Milner-Brown & Brown, 1976). Our results do not necessarily contradict the traditional view that the fibres with the highest conduction velocities are the first to be activated by brief stimulus pulses (Erlanger & Gasser, 1937).…”

Section: Activity-dependent Modulation Of Presynaptic Ikmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results do not necessarily contradict the traditional view that the fibres with the highest conduction velocities are the first to be activated by brief stimulus pulses (Erlanger & Gasser, 1937). It has been proposed that this general assumption may not be applicable in the particular case of nerve fibres of uniform functional type such as motor axons (Kadrie et al 1976). The dispersion of conduction velocities found in the pectoralis cutaneous nerve was considerably smaller than that reported by Erlanger & Gasser (1937) in frog sciatic nerve: the conduction velocity of the fastest axons was only 1'32 times greater than the conduction velocity of the slowest axons (Fig.…”

Section: Activity-dependent Modulation Of Presynaptic Ikmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity‐dependent modulation of the presynaptic potassium current in the frog neuromuscular junction.

Miralles¹,

Solsona²

1996

The Journal of Physiology

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1. Changes in the electrical properties of frog motor nerve endings caused by the invasion of an action potential were studied by the perineural recording technique. Two equal supramaximal stimuli separated by a variable time interval were applied to the nerve trunk. The latency and amplitude of the deflections associated with the nodal Na+ current and presynaptic K+ current elicited by the second pulse were compared with control currents. 2. The deflection associated with the presynaptic K+ current elicited in response to the second stimulus was absent at the shortest interstimulus interval and showed a progressive increase in its amplitude as the interstimulus interval was lengthened, reaching values greater than control in most terminals. During the same period the nodal Nae current did not change.3. The experimental results were compared with a computer model of the distal axonal segment and its terminal. Response of the model to twin-pulse stimulation was in marked disagreement with the experimental results unless an inactivating K+ channel, with properties derived ad hoc, was incorporated into the simulation. 4. These results suggest that in the first 6-7 ms after a nerve impulse has invaded a frog motor nerve ending, maximal K+ conductance remains below the value at rest due to the fast inactivation of a K+ conductance. Following this, there is a period in which K+ conductance is greater than control values although the basis for this is unknown.Following the passage of a nerve impulse, axons undergo a series of predictable excitability changes before returning to the resting state, which are termed the recovery cycle (Stys & Waxman, 1994). Nevertheless, whether the passage of an impulse through the presynaptic terminal alters the electrical properties of the membrane, which could change its response to a second impulse delivered soon after, is less clear. In this respect, Sivaramakrishnan, Bittner & Brodwick (1991) have shown in the crayfish neuromuscular junction that after the presynaptic terminal has been electrotonically depolarized by a current pulse the conductance of the presynaptic terminal membrane remains high for several milliseconds. This is due to the persistent activation of a Ca2P-activated K+ current by the residual free Ca2+. Since then Van der Kloot (1994) has reported that the amount of facilitation caused by a paired stimulation at the frog neuromuscular junction is not maximal at time 0, as was generally believed, but has a peak at interstimulus intervals between about 18 and 30 ms. This anomaly in the time course of facilitation could be because the second action potential does not admit the usual amount of Ca2+ at the shorter intervals because the electrical properties of the presynaptic terminal, altered by the first pulse, have not yet returned to basal values (Van der Kloot, 1994). Here, we study the recovery cycle of the presynaptic terminal of the frog neuromuscular junction. Presynaptic currents were recorded from the perineural space. To assist our interpretation of empirica...

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Multiple point electrical stimulation of ulnar and median nerves.

Cited by 107 publications

References 28 publications

The stimulus–response curve and motor unit variability in normal subjects and subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The stimulus–response curve and motor unit variability in normal subjects and subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Challenges in the Understanding and Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease

Activity‐dependent modulation of the presynaptic potassium current in the frog neuromuscular junction.

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