Multiple Pleistocene refugia in the Brazilian cerrado: evidence from phylogeography and climatic nichemodelling of two Qualea species (Vochysiaceae)

Buzatti, Renata Santiago de Oliveira; Lemos-Filho, José Pires de; Bueno, Marcelo Leandro; Lovato, Maria Bernadete

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/box062

Cited by 30 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This is corroborated by palynological evidence that draws into question any recent large savanna expansions that might have served as connections between the CC and AS (Colinvaux, Oliveira, Moreno, Miller, & Bush, ; Colinvaux et al., ; Kastner & Goni, ; Mayle et al., ). The only exception is the admixture detected in one south‐western Amazon population (see Figure ), which is a region where joint analyses of ENMs and cpDNA data in an unrelated plant also found evidence of a connection to the CC (see Buzatti et al., ; note this study focused only on this single site so it is not possible to determine if other AS populations in the species remained isolated from the CC).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The genomic distinctiveness of the CC populations from the disjunct AS and lack of any regional structure that group populations from the two regions indicate the Amazonian populations have evolved independently (for the most part) from the Cerrado. As such, it is isolation and not recent connections (either via long‐distance dispersal or expansion/retraction via corridors) that dominates in this tropical biome; substantial admixture was limited to a single population that borders the Cerrado (see also Buzatti, Lemos, Bueno, & Lovato, for localized study of another plant species from this focal area). The extent to which these results are generalizable to other taxa from the Cerrado and Amazonian savannas is discussed below, as is what our results suggest about the evolutionary dynamics of relictual populations in tropical systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolving in isolation: Genetic tests reject recent connections of Amazonian savannas with the central Cerrado

Resende‐Moreira

Knowles

Thomaz

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The effects of past climatic shifts remain enigmatic for the Amazon region, especially for islands of savanna within the tropical forest known as “Amazonian savannas” (AS). These disjunct savanna areas share many plant and animal species with the Cerrado biome in central Brazil (the CC), fuelling debate over historical connections. We evaluate hypothesized corridors between the CC and the AS, and specifically investigate whether a history of isolation versus recent connections is supported by genetic tests. Location Cerrado and Amazon biomes. Taxon Two woody plant species: Byrsonima coccolobifolia and B. crassifolia (Malpighiaceae). Methods Analyses of genomic data (SNPs from more than 4,500 loci) in 28 populations, as well as chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), were used to test for parallel geographic structuring between the CC and AS—an expected structure if putative corridors provided regional connections between different areas of the CC and AS, and divergence times between the CC and AS were estimated using a composite‐likelihood method based on the site frequency spectrum. Results Genomic data, in contrast with cpDNA, generally show strong, concordant genetic structure between the CC and AS in both species, rather than regional grouping of CC with AS populations. In addition, divergence between the CC and AS predates the Last Glacial Maximum. Main conclusions Our results suggest the AS have remained relatively isolated from the CC even though the strong structure of genomic variation is not shared by cpDNA. We note that past evidence of putative corridors between the CC and AS based solely on cpDNA should be interpreted cautiously since the lack of structure may reflect limited genetic resolution rather than gene flow. As such, the uniqueness of AS may be more pronounced than previously thought, highlighting the importance of protecting these highly threatened areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving in isolation: Genetic tests reject recent connections of Amazonian savannas with the central Cerrado

Resende‐Moreira

Knowles

Thomaz

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Comparatively, core regions of the Cerrado harbour species with more restricted niches and distributions, often showing some level of habitat specialization (e.g., thick bark, deep root systems and sclerophylly) and mostly associated exclusively with savanna environments. The observed correlation between endemism and centrality of distribution might also be affected by the interaction of centrality with two other predictors tested in this work: the historical climatic suitability of nuclear regions for plants of the Cerrado (Bueno et al, ; Buzatti et al, ; Collevatti et al, ; Correa Ribeiro et al, ; Costa et al, ; Lima et al, ); and the concentration of higher‐elevation regions in core regions (e.g., Werneck, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In addition to the geomorphological processes during the Late Miocene, the Pleistocene climate is proposed as a key driver of taxa diversification in the Cerrado (Arruda, Schaefer, Fonseca, Solar, & Fernandes‐Filho, ; Bueno et al, ; Costa et al, ; Santos, Nogueira, Giugliano, & Colli, ; Werneck, Nogueira, Colli, Sites, & Costa, ). In general, climatically stable regions are considered to be good predictors of diversity at both interspecific (Jansson, ; Werneck, ) and intraspecific levels (Buzatti, Lemos‐Filho, Bueno, & Lovato, ; Carnaval & Moritz, ; Carnaval, Hickerson, Haddad, Rodrigues, & Moritz, ; Collevatti et al, ; Correa Ribeiro, Lemos‐Filho, de Oliveira Buzatti, Lovato, & Heuertz, ; Lima, Telles, Chaves, Lima‐Ribeiro, & Collevatti, ). Areas presenting less stable climatic conditions are more prone to local extinction than regions with more stable climates owing to the reduced population sizes and, consequently, greater importance of genetic drift and inbreeding (Harrison & Noss, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Areas presenting less stable climatic conditions are more prone to local extinction than regions with more stable climates owing to the reduced population sizes and, consequently, greater importance of genetic drift and inbreeding (Harrison & Noss, ). Conversely, populations in climatically stable regions have been demonstrated to show higher demographic stability owing to their more highly effective population sizes compared with those of climatically unstable areas (Buzatti et al, ; Collevatti et al, ; Correa Ribeiro, Lemos‐Filho, Oliveira Buzatti, Lovato, & Heuertz, ; Lima et al, ). According to this hypothesis, overlapping stable areas across the distribution of multiple taxa might potentially constitute regions of higher endemism, as demonstrated, for example, for the Atlantic Rainforest (Carnaval & Moritz, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of landscape composition, marginality of distribution, soil fertility and climatic stability on the patterns of woody plant endemism in the Cerrado

Vidal

Souza

Koch

2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Although various theories have been proposed to explain the outstanding endemism of plants in the Cerrado, four hypotheses about the mechanisms of diversification and distribution are most supported: (a) plateau/valley, (b) stable/unstable climate, (c) core/peripheral distribution, and (d) soil fertility. The first argues that plateaus harbour more ancient lineages than valleys and therefore present higher endemism. The second theory suggests that climatically stable environments maintained more palaeoendemic species. The third scenario attributes the distribution of endemism to gradients of conditions available to locally adapted species and predicts higher endemism in nuclear than in marginal areas. The last theory suggests that soils with lower fertility account for higher endemism owing to the habitat specialization of their species. We compared endemism patterns with the predictions of each theory to discuss their importance. Location Brazil. Time period Quaternary. Major taxa studied Angiosperms. Methods We mapped the endemism using records of 311 plant species of the Cerrado and applied spatial analysis and distribution models to summarize the importance of each predictor of endemism. Results We identified 28 areas in which the higher endemism of Cerrado plants were concentrated and presented a map of their distribution. We found correlations among endemism, climate stability, elevation and marginality, which supported the plateau/valley, core/peripheral and stable/unstable hypotheses. No association between soil fertility and endemism was detected. We propose that plateaus are more stable climatic environments, and this characteristic along with their elevation and centrality are predictive of endemism. Main conclusions We concluded that most of the endemism is concentrated in overlapping areas of stability of species, which are concentrated in higher elevation central regions. Soil fertility was not linked to endemism. We recommend that central plateaus in the Cerrado require special attention in conservation to optimize the protection of endemic species in the biome.

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Hybrid zone of a tree in a Cerrado/Atlantic Forest ecotone as a hotspot of genetic diversity and conservation

Muniz

Pimenta

Cruz

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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The Cerrado, the largest Neotropical savanna, and the Brazilian Atlantic Forest form large ecotonal areas where savanna and forest habitats occupy adjacent patches with closely related species occurring side by side, providing opportunities for hybridization. Here, we investigated the evolutionary divergence between the savanna and forest ecotypes of the widely distributed tree Plathymenia reticulata (n = 233 individuals). Genetic structure analysis of P. reticulata was congruent with the recognition of two ecotypes, whose divergence captured the largest proportion of genetic variance in the data (FCT = 0.222 and FST = 0.307). The ecotonal areas between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest constitute a hybrid zone in which a diversity of hybrid classes was observed, most of them corresponding to second‐generation hybrids (F2) or backcrosses. Gene flow occurred mainly toward the forest ecotype. The genetic structure was congruent with isolation by environment, and environmental correlates of divergence were identified. The observed pattern of high genetic divergence between ecotypes may reflect an incipient speciation process in P. reticulata. The low genetic diversity of the P. reticulata forest ecotype indicate that it is threatened in areas with high habitat loss on Atlantic Forest. In addition, the high divergence from the savanna ecotype suggests it should be treated as a different unit of management. The high genetic diversity found in the ecotonal hybrid zone supports the view of ecotones as important areas for the origin and conservation of biodiversity in the Neotropics.

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Multiple Pleistocene refugia in the Brazilian cerrado: evidence from phylogeography and climatic nichemodelling of two Qualea species (Vochysiaceae)

Cited by 30 publications

References 57 publications

Evolving in isolation: Genetic tests reject recent connections of Amazonian savannas with the central Cerrado

Evolving in isolation: Genetic tests reject recent connections of Amazonian savannas with the central Cerrado

Impacts of landscape composition, marginality of distribution, soil fertility and climatic stability on the patterns of woody plant endemism in the Cerrado

Hybrid zone of a tree in a Cerrado/Atlantic Forest ecotone as a hotspot of genetic diversity and conservation

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