Multiple Person Localization Based on Their Vital Sign Detection Using UWB Sensor

Abstract

In the past period, great efforts have been made to develop methods for through an obstacle detection of human vital signs such as breathing or heart beating. For that purpose, ultra-wideband (UWB) radars operating in the frequency band DC-5 GHz can be used as a proper tool. The basic principle of respiratory motion detection consists in the identification of radar signal components possessing a significant power in the frequency band 0.2-0.7 Hz (frequency band of human respiratory rate) corresponding to a constant bistatic range between the target and radar. To tackle the task of detecting respiratory motion, a variety of methods have been developed. However, the problem of person localization based on his or her respiratory motion detection has not been studied deeply. In order to fill this gap, an approach for multiple person localization based on the detection of their respiratory motion will be introduced in this chapter.

Through‐the‐floor localization of a static person by a multistatic UWB radar

“…For estimation of TOA i , a reduced procedure of radar signal processing for static person detection and localization introduced in was used. This method exploits finding that the frequency of the respiration motions of human beings takes the values from the interval B = <0.2 Hz, 0.7 Hz> .…”

“…Despite the fact that a person represents a so‐called distributed target, the fundamental idea of our approach is based on the often considered assumption that the person to be localized will be considered as a point target T = [ x t , y t , z t ]. Taking into account this premise, time‐of‐arrivals (TOAs) corresponding to a static person for each pair of Tx – Rx i ( TOA i , i = 1, 2, 3, 4) can be estimated based on detection of their respiratory motions .…”

“…In order to fill this gap, through‐the‐floor localization of a static person (eg, an unconscious or sleeping person) will be studied in this article. Note that the respiratory motion is usually the only visible form of movement in a static person …”

Numerical Investigation of the Time Discretization Impact on the Accuracy of a Point Target Localization by UWB Radar

“…Note that the respiratory motion is usually the only visible form of a movement for a static motionless person. For the TOA i estimation, a reduced WP-STAPELOC method was employed [5]. The estimated position was P est = (−0.91; 2.71; 0.61) [m], getting the localization precision 32.265 cm.…”

“…In the last years, great efforts have been made to develop methods for the localization of human beings based on monitoring their respiratory motion [1,5]. For that purpose, ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors (radars) operating in the frequency band DC-5 GHz can be used with advantage.…”