Multiple origins of the green-sensitive opsin genes in fish

Register, Elizabeth; Yokoyama, Ruth; Yokoyama, Shozo

doi:10.1007/bf00160150

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…LWS gene duplications have also been reported in a number of species of teleost fish (Yokoyama and Yokoyama 1990;Register et al 1994;Chinen et al 2003;Fuller et al 2004;Kasai and Oshima 2006;Matsumoto et al 2006;Weadick and Chang 2007), in Old World primates (Nathans et al 1986;Ibbotson et al 1992), and in a single species of New World primate, the howler monkey (Dulai et al 1999). In primates, the duplication is directly linked to the attainment of trichromacy, and the same may be the case for the elephant shark.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Into the blue: Gene duplication and loss underlie color vision adaptations in a deep-sea chimaera, the elephant sharkCallorhinchus milii

Davies¹,

Carvalho

Tay³

et al. 2009

Genome Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cartilaginous fishes reside at the base of the gnathostome lineage as the oldest extant group of jawed vertebrates. Recently, the genome of the elephant shark, Callorhinchus milii, a chimaerid holocephalan, has been sequenced and therefore becomes the first cartilaginous fish to be analyzed in this way. The chimaeras have been largely neglected and very little is known about the visual systems of these fishes. By searching the elephant shark genome, we have identified gene fragments encoding a rod visual pigment, Rh1, and three cone visual pigments, the middle wavelength-sensitive or Rh2 pigment, and two isoforms of the long wavelength-sensitive or LWS pigment, LWS1 and LWS2, but no evidence for the two short wavelength-sensitive cone classes, SWS1 and SWS2. Expression of these genes in the retina was confirmed by RT-PCR. Full-length coding sequences were used for in vitro expression and gave the following peak absorbances: Rh1 496 nm, Rh2 442 nm, LWS1 499 nm, and LWS2 548 nm. Unusually, therefore, for a deep-sea fish, the elephant shark possesses cone pigments and the potential for trichromacy. Compared with other vertebrates, the elephant shark Rh2 and LWS1 pigments are the shortest wavelength-shifted pigments of their respective classes known to date. The mechanisms for this are discussed and we provide experimental evidence that the elephant shark LWS1 pigment uses a novel tuning mechanism to achieve the short wavelength shift to 499 nm, which inactivates the chloride-binding site. Our findings have important implications for the present knowledge of color vision evolution in early vertebrates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Into the blue: Gene duplication and loss underlie color vision adaptations in a deep-sea chimaera, the elephant sharkCallorhinchus milii

Davies¹,

Carvalho

Tay³

et al. 2009

Genome Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The RH2 opsin of chicken achieves green-sensitivity be- cause of a green oil droplet in a PC Wang et al 1992), while goldfish seems to attain the green-sensitivity by utilizing vitamin A 2 (Johnson et al 1993). Goldfish, and possibly chicken, seem to have duplicate MWS (or LWS) opsin genes in the LWS/MWS group (Register et al 1994). However, these species achieved green-sensitivities without taking advantage of the gene duplication, unlike another fish species, Astyanax fasciatus, and human.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(See Yokoyama and Yokoyama 1990. ) Recently, an opsin gene, with unknown function, from A. fasciatus has been added to the RH2 group (Register et al 1994). This fish achieves both red and green vision by using LWS/MWS genes (Yokoyama and Yokoyama 1990), while goldfish uses an LWS/MWS gene for red vision and two RH2 genes for green vision (Johnson et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralogous origin of the rhodopsinlike opsin genes in lizards

Kawamura

Yokoyama

1995

J Mol Evol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rhodopsinlike opsins constitute a distinct phylogenetic group (Yokoyama 1994, Mol. Biol. Evol. 11:32-39). This RH2 group includes the green-sensitive opsins in chicken and goldfish and the blue-sensitive opsin in a nocturnal lizard gecko. In the present study, we isolated and sequenced the genomic DNA clones for the RH2 opsin gene, rh2Ac, of the diurnal lizard Anolis carolinensis. This single-copy gene spans 18.3 kb from start to stop codons, making it the longest opsin gene known in vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis strongly suggests that rh2Ac is more closely related to the chicken green opsin gene than to the gecko blue opsin gene. This gene tree differs from the organismal tree, where the two lizard species should be most closely related, implying that rh2Ac and the gecko blue-sensitive opsin genes have been derived from duplicate ancestral genes.

show abstract

“…There is also a third site in the retinal binding pocket (131) that varies in amino-acid polarity (S131A). This site differs in LWS fish opsins with different peak absorptions (Register et al, 1994) and could cause a shift of a few nanometers.…”

Section: Rose-colored Gogglesmentioning

confidence: 99%