Multiple origins of spontaneously arising micronuclei in HeLa cells: Direct evidence from long-term live cell imaging

A comparison of the effects of midazolam, propofol and dexmedetomidine on the antioxidant system: A randomized trial

“…Furthermore, it was found that the micronucleus frequencies of the P and D groups at T1 and T2 were lower than the frequency of the M group, suggesting that propofol and dexmedetomidine had a superior antioxidant function. Since it is the NPBs, not the NBUDs, that eventually form MN (25), no significant differences were found in the frequency of NBUDs.…”

“…It has previously been shown that the active metabolites (active oxygen ions, peroxides, free radicals and other ROS materials) generated by oxidative stress attack the body and lead to an increase in the micronucleus frequency (25). In the present study, therefore, the CBMN assay was used to assess the oxidative DNA damage of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients, and to further to evaluate the effects of the three sedatives.…”

Lagging chromosomes entrapped in micronuclei are not 'lost' by cells

“…However, some of these assumptions were based on analysis of fixed cells, and the actual behaviors of lagging chromosomes and micronuclei in live cells are poorly characterized [5]. To avoid the shortcomings associated with fixed samples, we previously labeled all the chromosomes with fluorescent protein for live cell imaging and have provided preliminary data on the formations of lagging chromosomes, micronuclei and their effect on the fate of cells [6,7]. Unfortunately, labeling of all chromosomes prevents us from precisely tracking the fates of lagging chromosomes and micronuclei [7].…”

“…Possible scenarios for the fates of the micronuclei include: (1) expulsion from the cell [3]; (2) apoptosis independent of the cell [2]; (3) removal by autophagy [4]; (4) retention within the cytoplasm as an extra-nuclear entity despite cell division [6]; or (5) reincorporation into the main nucleus [9]. The first four scenarios would cause genetic material loss from the cell.…”

Induced Nuclear Pleomorphism in Pollen Mother Cells of <i>Crotalaria juncea</i> L. (Sunnhemp)

“…The incidence of micro-cells very often in the vicinity of the PMCs suggests a possible mechanism of extrusion of genetic material. Their low frequency might also suggest recapture (Rao et al 2008) by parent cells from which they originated. The discovery of micro-cells found in the present study is of great importance, which has not been reported earlier in this plant.…”