Multiple novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, South Korea, 2016

Lee, Eun‐Kyoung; Song, Bingbing; Lee, Yuna; Heo, Gyeong-Beom; Bae, You-Chan; Joh, Sung-Joon; Park, Seok‐Chan; Choi, Kang-Seuk; Lee, Hyun-Jeong; Jang, Il; Kang, Min-Su; Jeong, Ok-Mi; Choi, Byung-Kook; Lee, Sang-Man; Jeong, Suk Chan; Park, Bong‐Kyun; Lee, Heesoo; Lee, Youn‐Jeong

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.03.005

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Previously reported H5N6 HPAIV isolates during the 2016–2017 winter season were divided into six genotypes C1–C6, based on four and two phylogenetic variations in the PA and NS gene segments respectively (Figure c,d) (Hiono et al., ; Lee et al., ; Takemae et al., ). Phylogenetic analyses identified variations in the PB2 (Figure a) and PB1 (Figure b) gene segments and two and one additional phylogenetic variations in the PA (Figure c) and NS (Figure d) gene segments, respectively, among H5N6 HPAIV isolates during the same season.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest HPAIV outbreak in the history of the Izumi plan was recorded only for 1 month (from November to December in 2016, http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/update-on-avian-influenza/), in which a total of 33 H5N6 HPAIVs were isolated (Table ). Genome sequencing of the early Korean isolates revealed that the H5N6 HPAIVs can be classified into five genotypes (C1–C5) that harboured four (PA‐I to ‐IV) and two (NS‐I and ‐II) phylogenetic variations in the PA and NS gene segments, respectively (Lee et al., ). Subsequently, all H5N6 HPAIVs previously isolated in Japan, including two early isolates from the Izumi plain, were classified into the four known genotypes (C1, C2, C4, and C5) (Hiono et al., ; Okamatsu et al., ; Takemae et al., ), except for one isolate A/chicken/Miyazaki/2‐1T/2017(H5N6) whose PA gene segment was phylogenetically distinct from those of the remaining contemporary H5N6 HPAIV isolates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic variations of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in the Izumi plain, Japan, during the 2016–17 winter season

Ozawa

Matsuu

Khalil

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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During the 2016–2017 winter season, we isolated 33 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of H5N6 subtype and three low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) from debilitated or dead wild birds, duck faeces, and environmental water samples collected in the Izumi plain, an overwintering site for migratory birds in Japan. Genetic analyses of the H5N6 HPAIV isolates revealed previously unreported phylogenetic variations in the PB2, PB1, PA, and NS gene segments and allowed us to propose two novel genotypes for the contemporary H5N6 HPAIVs. In addition, analysis of the four gene segments identified close phylogenetic relationships between our three LPAIV isolates and the contemporary H5N6 HPAIV isolates. Our results implied the co‐circulation and co‐evolution of HPAIVs and LPAIVs within the same wild bird populations, thereby highlighting the importance of avian influenza surveillance targeting not only for HPAIVs but also for LPAIVs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic variations of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in the Izumi plain, Japan, during the 2016–17 winter season

Ozawa

Matsuu

Khalil

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…As reported by Lee et al . , the PA genes of several Korean isolates were found to be phylogenetically related to those of Eurasian nonpathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al . reported that Korean H5N6 viruses can be classified into three genotypes based on the origin of the PA gene segment . In addition, most of the Japanese H5N6 viruses possess PA genes that share high similarity with Chinese H5N6 HPAIVs, indicating that the origin of the PA gene in the Japanese strains is highly biased compared with that in the Korean strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the winter season of 2016–2017, H5Nx viruses again spread throughout three continents: Eurasia, North America and Africa . H5N8 viruses belonging to Clade 2.3.4.4 Group B were reportedly isolated in Europe, Iran, and Egypt , whereas H5N6 viruses belonging Clade 2.3.4.4 Group C were isolated in East Asia . Detailed analyses of the isolates are still ongoing.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Characterization of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild and captive birds in the winter season of 2016–2017 in Northern Japan

Hiono¹,

Okamatsu²,

Matsuno³

et al. 2017

Microbiology and Immunology

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On 15 November 2016, a black swan that had died in a zoo in Akita prefecture, northern Japan, was strongly suspected to have highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI); an HPAI virus (HPAIV) belonging to the H5N6 subtype was isolated from specimens taken from the bird. After the initial report, 230 cases of HPAI caused by H5N6 viruses from wild birds, captive birds, and domestic poultry farms were reported throughout the country during the winter season. In the present study, 66 H5N6 HPAIVs isolated from northern Japan were further characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene showed that the H5N6 viruses isolated in northern Japan clustered into Group C of Clade 2.3.4.4 together with other isolates collected in Japan, Korea and Taiwan during the winter season of 2016-2017. The antigenicity of the Japanese H5N6 isolate differed slightly from that of HPAIVs isolated previously in Japan and China. The virus exhibited high pathogenicity and a high replication capacity in chickens, whereas virus growth was slightly lower in ducks compared with that of an H5N8 HPAIV isolate collected in Japan in 2014. Comprehensive analyses of Japanese isolates, including those from central, western, and southern Japan, as well as rapid publication of this information are essential for facilitating greater control of HPAIVs.

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Pandemic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses

Yamaji

Saad

Davis

et al. 2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary The panzootic caused by A/goose/Guangdong/1/96‐lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses has occurred in multiple waves since 1996. From 2013 onwards, clade 2.3.4.4 viruses of subtypes A(H5N2), A(H5N6), and A(H5N8) emerged to cause panzootic waves of unprecedented magnitude among avian species accompanied by severe losses to the poultry industry around the world. Clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses have expanded in distinct geographical and evolutionary pathways likely via long distance migratory bird dispersal onto several continents and by poultry trade among neighboring countries. Coupled with regional circulation, the viruses have evolved further by reassorting with local viruses. As of February 2019, there have been 23 cases of humans infected with clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses, 16 (70%) of which had fatal outcomes. To date, no HPAI A(H5) virus has caused sustainable human‐to‐human transmission. However, due to the lack of population immunity in humans and ongoing evolution of the virus, there is a continuing risk that clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses could cause an influenza pandemic if the ability to transmit efficiently among humans was gained. Therefore, multisectoral collaborations among the animal, environmental, and public health sectors are essential to conduct risk assessments and develop countermeasures to prevent disease and to control spread. In this article, we describe an assessment of the likelihood of clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses gaining human‐to‐human transmissibility and impact on human health should such human‐to‐human transmission occur. This structured analysis assessed properties of the virus, attributes of the human population, and ecology and epidemiology of these viruses in animal hosts.

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Multiple novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, South Korea, 2016

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Phylogenetic variations of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in the Izumi plain, Japan, during the 2016–17 winter season

Phylogenetic variations of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in the Izumi plain, Japan, during the 2016–17 winter season

Characterization of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild and captive birds in the winter season of 2016–2017 in Northern Japan

Pandemic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses

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