Multiple Morphine and Enkephalin Receptors and the Relief of Pain

Pasternak, Gavril W.

doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03720090052035

Cited by 169 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, their adverse effects, including nausea, constipation, urinary retention, dizziness, and dysphoria, markedly limit their use (Bowdle, 1998; Cherny et al, 2001; Inturrisi, 1989; Pasternak, 1988). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to manage painful metastases but also have severe side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances (Schaffer et al, 2006; Scheiman, 2001) and cardiovascular risks (Davies and Jamali, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical treatment with Tong-Luo-San-Jie gel alleviates bone cancer pain in rats

Wang

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance The herbal analgesic gel Tong-Luo-San-Jie (TLSJ) and its modifications are used in traditional Chinese medicine to manage cancer pain. However, its mechanisms are still unknown. Aim of the study To investigate the effects and mechanisms of TLSJ gel on bone cancer pain in a rat model. Materials and Methods A bone cancer pain rat model was established by inoculating Walker 256 rat carcinoma cells directly into the right tibial medullary cavity of Sprague-Dawley rats (150–170 g); Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) tibial inoculation was used as control. Cancer-bearing rats were treated twice a day with external TLSJ gel (0.5 g/cm2/day) or inert gel control for 21 days (n=10/group). Behavioral tests such as mechanical threshold and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were carried out. Osteoclastic activities were determined and carboxyterminal pyridinoline cross-linked type I collagen telopeptides (ICTP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) concentrations were detected with ELISA after treatment. Adverse effects were monitored, and biochemical and histological tests were performed in naïve rats treated with local TLSJ gel for six weeks. Results TLSJ treatment significantly restored bone cancer-induced decrease of PWL and mechanical threshold compared to inert gel. It also decreased the level of blood serum ICTP and BAP and inhibited osteoclast activities. No adverse effects or abnormal biochemical and histological changes were detected after TLSJ treatment. Conclusion The present study shows that TLSJ significantly inhibits bone cancer-induced thermal and mechanical sensitization. It suggests that the gel may be useful in managing cancer pain and that it may act by inhibiting osteoclastic activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical treatment with Tong-Luo-San-Jie gel alleviates bone cancer pain in rats

Wang

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Bone metastasis-induced pain manifests as spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia (7,8). Opioid treatments are fraught with side effects that markedly limit their utility (9,10), whereas nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs do not have good efficacy against bone cancer pain (6). Reportedly, 36%-50% of cancer patients suffer from pain severe enough to compromise their daily lives (11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture Attenuates Bone Cancer Pain and Inhibits Spinal Interleukin-1β Expression in a Rat Model

Zhang

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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“…It was found that the psychomimetic side effects were generated by the L-isomer, although the d-pentazocine produced, to a lesser extent, some degree of anxiety (Bellville and Forrest, 1968). In this article, we have focused our attention on the disomer, which is known to have poor affinity for classical opioid receptors, unlike (Ϫ)-pentazocine (Clark et al, 1989;Pasternak, 1988;Su et al, 1986). (ϩ)-Pentazocine is the inactive enantiomer of the opioid analgesic and has always been presented as the prototype of the 1 ligands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%