Multiple micronutrient supplementation for improving cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Eilander, Ans; Gera, Tarun; Sachdev, Harshpal Singh; Transler, Catherine; Knaap, Henk C. M. van der; Kok, F.J.; Osendarp, Saskia

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28376

Cited by 119 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Such results were considered indicative of synergism among ingredients (GomezPinilla 2008). A meta-analysis of studies administering supplements to children that contained at least three ingredients found a marginally significant improvement in fluid intelligence (reasoning) and a significant improvement in academic performance (Eilander et al 2010). …”

Section: Complex Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complex dietary supplement augments spatial learning, brain mass, and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in aging mice

Aksenov

Long

Liu

et al. 2011

AGE

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We developed a complex dietary supplement designed to offset five key mechanisms of aging and tested its effectiveness in ameliorating age-related cognitive decline using a visually cued Morris water maze test. All younger mice (<1 year old) learned the task well. However, older untreated mice (>1 year) were unable to learn the maze even after 5 days, indicative of strong cognitive decline at older ages. In contrast, no cognitive decline was evident in older supplemented mice, even when ∼2 years old. Supplemented older mice were nearly 50% better at locating the platform than age-matched controls. Brain weights of supplemented mice were significantly greater than controls, even at younger ages. Reversal of cognitive decline in activity of complexes III and IV by supplementation was significantly associated with cognitive improvement, implicating energy supply as one possible mechanism. These results represent proof of principle that complex dietary supplements can provide powerful benefits for cognitive function and brain aging.

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Section: Complex Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complex dietary supplement augments spatial learning, brain mass, and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in aging mice

Aksenov

Long

Liu

et al. 2011

AGE

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“…Parenting programmes that combine nutrition and stimulation have been effective in improving child outcomes, (19) but. (69,73) However, the extent to which these combinations result in synergistic outcomes it is not clear.…”

Section: Interventions Birth From Birthinfancy To Five Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development

et al. 2017

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a historic opportunity to implement at scale interventions to promote Early Childhood Development (ECD). While the evidence base for the importance of ECD has grown, the research is distributed across sectors, populations, and settings with diversity noted in the scope and focus. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive updated analyses of ECD interventions across five sectors: health; nutrition; education; child protection; and social protection. Our review concludes that to make interventions, successful, smarter and sustainable, they need to be implemented as multi-sectoral intervention packages anchored in "nurturing care". The recommendations emphasize that intervention packages should be applied at developmentally appropriate times during the life-course, target multiple risks, and build on existing delivery platforms for feasibility of scale-up. While interventions will continue to improve with the growth of developmental science, the evidence is now strong that parents, caregivers, and families need to be supported in providing nurturing care and protection for young children to achieve their developmental potential.

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“…A meta-analysis investigated 20 randomized controlled trials published from 1970 to 2008 in developed as well as developing countries, and found that multiple-micronutrient supplementation may result in higher fluid intelligence (Eilander et al, 2010). However, this increase was only marginal, and no association was observed with crystallized intelligence in children.…”

Section: Multivitamin and Mineral Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluid intelligence refers to reasoning ability that reflects the individual's current neurological potential (indexed by measures such as speed of processing) rather than their level of past attainment and acquired, crystallized knowledge (which is measured by abilities such as depth of vocabulary). Fluid ability is typically measured via non-verbal cognitive tests, while crystallized intelligence is more usually measured by administering verbal cognitive tests (Eilander et al, 2010;Benton, 2012).…”

Section: Multivitamin and Mineral Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nutrition in Children's Neurocognitive Development, From Pregnancy Through Childhood

Nyaradi¹,

Li²,

Hickling³

et al. 2015

Prenatal and Childhood Nutrition

129

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This review examines the current evidence for a possible connection between nutritional intake (including micronutrients and whole diet) and neurocognitive development in childhood. Earlier studies which have investigated the association between nutrition and cognitive development have focused on individual micronutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, folic acid, choline, iron, iodine, and zinc, and single aspects of diet. The research evidence from observational studies suggests that micronutrients may play an important role in the cognitive development of children. However, the results of intervention trials utilizing single micronutrients are inconclusive. More generally, there is evidence that malnutrition can impair cognitive development, whilst breastfeeding appears to be beneficial for cognition. Eating breakfast is also beneficial for cognition. In contrast, there is currently inconclusive evidence regarding the association between obesity and cognition. Since individuals consume combinations of foods, more recently researchers have become interested in the cognitive impact of diet as a composite measure. Only a few studies to date have investigated the associations between dietary patterns and cognitive development. In future research, more well designed intervention trials are needed, with special consideration given to the interactive effects of nutrients.

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Multiple micronutrient supplementation for improving cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Abstract: Multiple micronutrient supplementation may be associated with a marginal increase in fluid intelligence and academic performance in healthy schoolchildren but not with crystallized intelligence. More research is required, however, before public health recommendations can be given.

Cited by 119 publications

References 47 publications

A complex dietary supplement augments spatial learning, brain mass, and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in aging mice

A complex dietary supplement augments spatial learning, brain mass, and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in aging mice

Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development

The Role of Nutrition in Children's Neurocognitive Development, From Pregnancy Through Childhood

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