Multiple mechanisms explain how reduced <i><scp>KRP</scp></i> expression increases leaf size of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Sizani, Bulelani L.; Kalve, Shweta; Markakis, Marios Nektarios; Domagalska, Malgorzata A.; Stelmaszewska, Joanna; AbdElgawad, Hamada; Zhao, Xiaoying; Veylder, Lieven De; Vos, Dirk De; Broeckhove, J.; Schnittger, Arp; Beemster, Gerrit T.S.

doi:10.1111/nph.15458

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The ICK/KRP protein family contains seven members, each of which has a conserved CDK‐binding domain in the C‐terminus (Kumar et al, 2015); for example, ICK1/KRP1 interacts with CDKA;1 and CYCD3;1 to inhibit their kinase activities, suppressing DNA replication and the onset of the mitotic cell cycle (Weinl et al, 2005). ICK1/KRP1 functions in a concentration‐dependent manner; high concentrations of this protein block the G1/S transition, while at low concentrations it inhibits the G2/M transition, thereby promoting endoreduplication (Weinl et al, 2005; Sizani et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ERF4 interacts with and antagonizes TCP15 in regulating endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis

Ding

Xie³

et al. 2022

JIPB

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Endoreduplication is prevalent during plant growth and development, and is often correlated with large cell and organ size. Despite its prevalence, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying the transition from mitotic cell division to endoreduplication remain elusive. Here, we characterize ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 4 (ERF4) as a positive regulator of endoreduplication through its function as a transcriptional repressor. ERF4 was specifically expressed in mature tissues in which the cells were undergoing expansion, but was rarely expressed in young organs. Plants overexpressing ERF4 exhibited much larger

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ERF4 interacts with and antagonizes TCP15 in regulating endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis

Ding

Xie³

et al. 2022

JIPB

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“…Thus, even in Arabidopsis, cell enlargement can be accelerated without alterations in the levels of endoreduplication. For instance, a Kip - RELATED PROTEIN 2 ( KRP2 ) overexpression line exhibits very large cells in the leaf mesophyll tissue, while the endoreduplication level is decreased (De Veylder et al 2001, 2002; Sizani et al 2019). Additionally, the cell size changes in many of these reports are too large to be the result of altered endoreduplication level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-examination of the role of endoreduplication on cell-size control in leaves

Tsukaya

2019

J Plant Res

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Many Arabidopsis thaliana genes have been reported to affect plant cell size by regulating the level of endoreduplication, which is a modified cell cycle. However, the role of endoreduplication on the altered cell size in these reports must be reconsidered based on a number of findings. First, not all plant species exhibit endoreduplication, which indicates that endoreduplication-driven cell size regulation is not universal among plants. Second, while ploidy level and cell size are correlated in the epidermal pavement cells of Arabidopsis leaves, the size of mesophyll cells appears to be comparatively uniform regardless of whether there is heterogeneity in the ploidy level. Third, changes in the cell sizes reported in mutant and transgenic Arabidopsis seem to be too large to be solely the result of altered endoreduplication level. Fourth, compensated cell enlargement, which is triggered by a severe decrease in cell proliferation in Arabidopsis leaves, is usually independent of altered endoreduplication. We re-examined the role of endoreduplication on cell-size regulation in Arabidopsis, mainly in leaves, and revealed biases in the previous studies. This paper provides an overview of the work carried out in the past decade, and presents rationale to correct the previous assumptions. Based on the considerations provided in this report, a re-examination of previous reports regarding the roles of mutations and/or transgenes in the regulation of cell size is recommended.

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“…KRP7 acts redundantly with other KIP-proteins to control cell cycle progression and aspects of reproductive development by repression of the cell cycle regulator Retinoblastoma homologue RBR1 (Zhao et al, 2017, Verkest et al, 2005). Therefore, the higher abundance in samples from apomictic as compared to sexual ovules might be aiding the activation of cell cycle activity as a consequence of gradual downregulation of KRP activity (Sizani et al, 2019). Interestingly, also homologues of ESP3 are differentially regulated at distinct stages of reproductive development and between sexual and apomictic plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression analysis of sexual and apomictic Boechera uncovers FAS4 as crucial for gametogenesis

Binmoeller

Volkert

Kiefer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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During sexual reproduction of higher plants, seed formation is initiated by double fertilization of egg and central cell. In contrast, pseudogamous apomicts form embryos asexually by parthenogenesis of the egg, but initiation of endosperm development still depends on central cell fertilization. It can be envisioned that these differences are determined during gametogenesis and specification of gametophytic cells. To deepen the understanding of the transcriptional basis underlying sexual and apomictic reproduction, we applied tissue type-specific RNA-Seq. We compared expression in reproductive tissues of different Boechera accessions at distinct developmental stages. This confirmed previous evidence for an enrichment of RNA helicases at onset of reproductive development. We further identified a small number of members of this gene family as differentially expressed in female reproductive ovule tissues harbouring mature gametophytes from apomictic and sexual accessions. This included homologs of A. thaliana FASCIATED STEM 4 (FAS4) and of ENHANCED SILENCING PHENOTYPE 3 (ESP3), which have previously been identified as potential candidates for gametogenesis and apomixis, respectively. Unlike in A. thaliana, for either of them additional homologs or copies of related genes are present in Boechera, indicating complex evolutionary histories. As the expression patterns implied potential roles of FAS4 during gametogenesis, we first studied A. thaliana lines carrying mutant alleles. Indeed, we observed defects during male and female gametogenesis and severely reduced transmission efficiencies through both parents. In conclusion, our study identifies FAS4 as crucial for plant reproduction and suggests the potential for sub-functionalization of additional homologous genes in Boechera to shape reproductive development.

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Multiple mechanisms explain how reduced KRP expression increases leaf size of Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 16 publications

References 74 publications

ERF4 interacts with and antagonizes TCP15 in regulating endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis

ERF4 interacts with and antagonizes TCP15 in regulating endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis

Re-examination of the role of endoreduplication on cell-size control in leaves

Differential expression analysis of sexual and apomictic Boechera uncovers FAS4 as crucial for gametogenesis

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