Multiple measures of socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders

Lahelma, Eero; Laaksonen, Mikko; Martikainen, Pekka; Rahkonen, Ossi; Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, Sirpa

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.027

Cited by 116 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Studies have also shown that traditional indicators of SES such as parental occupation, education and occupation class are often weakly related to mental health (Andersen, et al, 2009;M. Laaksonen, Rahkonen, Martikainen, & Lahelma, 2005;Lahelma, Laaksonen, Martikainen, Rahkonen, & Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, 2006). It has also been suggested that measures of SES are often not related to each other, for example correlations between education and income are moderate and differ by ethnicity (Braveman, et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Richardson

Elliott

Roberts

2013

Clinical Psychology Review

343

278

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This paper systematically reviews the relationship between personal unsecured debt and health. Psychinfo, Embase and Medline were searched and 52 papers were accepted. A hand and citedby search produced an additional 13 references leading to 65 papers in total. Panel surveys, nationally representative epidemiological surveys and psychological autopsy studies have examined the relationship, as have studies on specific populations such as university students, debt management clients and older adults. Most studies examined relationships with mental health and depression in particular. Studies of physical health have also shown a relationship with self-rated health and outcomes such as obesity. There is also a strong relationship with suicide completion, and relationships with drug and alcohol abuse. The majority of studies found that more severe debt is related to worse health; however causality is hard to establish. A meta-analysis of pooled odds ratios showed a significant relationship between debt and mental disorder (OR=3.24), depression (OR=2.77), suicide completion (OR=7.9), suicide completion or attempt (OR=5.76), problem drinking (OR=2.68), drug dependence (OR=8.57), neurotic disorder (OR=3.21) and psychotic disorders (OR=4.03). There was no significant relationship with smoking (OR=1.35, p>.05). Future longitudinal research is needed to determine causality and establish potential mechanisms and mediators of the relationship.Dr Bellack, Please find attached a response to the reviewer's comments and an amended manuscript. We hope that these changes address the concerns raised, and the paper can now be accepted for -This relationship is especially strong for mental health in particular depression.-There are also relationships with substance use and suicide.-Research suffers from inconsistent use of standardised measures.-A lack of longitudinal studies makes it difficult to demonstrate causality. *Highlights (for review)We would like to thank the reviewer for their detailed comments. In relation to these we have made the following changes, which have all been marked in the main manuscript via track changes:-We have now clarified in the title, abstract, introduction, discussion and highlights that this examines personal unsecured debt specifically.-In the Method, Search Procedure we have changed "Classes" into "Classed" -In Appendix B (Characteristics of Panel Surveys) we have added "years" to 4-6. The formatting of the tables meant that some words were cut off: this has now been corrected for all the tables.-Page 17, fifth line of first paragraph, "self-related" has been changed to "self-rated." -Page 19, second paragraph, a new paragraph has been started after the line beginning "The advantage." -Page 20, first line of second paragraph, "somewhat unclear" has been changed to "unclear".-Page 21, second paragraph, the first line has been amended to specify about "personal, unsecured debt".-Page 5: more detail has been added to justify why studies on secured loans and mortgage debt were excluded.-Resul...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Richardson

Elliott

Roberts

2013

Clinical Psychology Review

343

278

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“…More symptoms have been observed in the less educated, unemployed, low income groups, and least consistently in lower occupational status groups (Fryers et al 2005Gellis et al 2005;Power and Matthews 1997). However, evidence in socio-economic differences in psychological symptoms is somehow inconsistent depending on the definition in use and measurement of both socio-economic and psychological distress indicators, study population, and social and cultural context (Aromaa and Koskinen 2004;Lahelma et al 2006;Lorant et al 2003;Stansfeld et al 1998). Factors pertaining to family status, such as partnership and parenthood, are also related to mental health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic Differences in Self-reported Psychological Distress Among 25- to 64-Year-Old Finns

Talala¹,

Huurre

Aro

et al. 2007

Soc Indic Res

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“…However, the contribution of changes in economic difficulties to decline in both physical and mental health functioning is poorly understood. Moreover, as the social patterning of physical and mental health appear to vary (10,17,27), both dimensions need to be examined to establish whether changes in economic difficulties affect them equally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in economic difficulties and physical and mental functioning: Evidence from British and Finnish employee cohorts

Lallukka¹,

Ferrie²,

Rahkonen³

et al. 2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Multiple measures of socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders

Cited by 116 publications

References 58 publications

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Socio-demographic Differences in Self-reported Psychological Distress Among 25- to 64-Year-Old Finns

Change in economic difficulties and physical and mental functioning: Evidence from British and Finnish employee cohorts

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