Multiple Ionization in Strong Laser Fields

Dørner, R.; Weber, Thorsten; Weckenbrock, M.; Staudte, A.; Hattass, M.; Moshammer, R.; Ullrich, J.; Schmidt‐Böcking, H.

doi:10.1016/s1049-250x(02)80005-2

Cited by 130 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…(1) describes the physical process in which an electron, initially in a bound state |ψ (1) g >, is released by tunneling ionization at a time t ′′ into a Volkov state |k(t ′ ) >. Subsequently, this electron propagates in the continuum from t ′′ to a later time t ′ .…”

Section: Transition Amplitude a General Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron-electron correlation in strong laser fields has raised considerable interest for over a decade, in particular in the context of laser-induced nonsequential double and multiple ionization [1]. Concrete examples are the early measurements of a "knee" in the double ionization yield as a function of the laser-field intensity, which deviates from the predictions of sequential models in orders of magnitude [2], and the peaks in the electron momentum distributions in nonsequential double ionization (NSDI), as functions of the electron components p n (n = 1, 2) parallel to the laser-field polarization [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-induced nonsequential double ionization at and above the recollision-excitation-tunneling threshold

2010

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We perform a detailed analysis of the recollision-excitation-tunneling (RESI) mechanism in laserinduced nonsequential double ionization (NSDI), in which the first electron, upon return, promotes a second electron to an excited state, from which it subsequently tunnels, based on the strong-field approximation. We show that the shapes of the electron momentum distributions carry information about the bound-state with which the first electron collides, the bound state to which the second electron is excited, and the type of electron-electron interaction. Furthermore, one may define a driving-field intensity threshold for the RESI physical mechanism. At the threshold, the kinetic energy of the first electron, upon return, is just sufficient to excite the second electron. We compute the distributions for helium and argon in the threshold and above-threshold intensity regime. In the latter case, we relate our findings to existing experiments. The electron-momentum distributions encountered are symmetric with respect to all quadrants of the plane spanned by the momentum components parallel to the laser-field polarization, instead of concentrating on only the second and fourth quadrants.

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Section: Transition Amplitude a General Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced nonsequential double ionization at and above the recollision-excitation-tunneling threshold

2010

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“…Detailed information about the NSDI dynamics has been obtained with the development of kinematically complete experiments, in which the momenta of electrons and ions generated in the ionization process are measured in coincidence [14,15]. The results from these experiments [4,[16][17][18][19] indicate that the ionization of the second electron in NSDI is triggered by the recollision of the first ionized electron with the parent ion [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete characterization of single-cycle double ionization of argon from the nonsequential to the sequential ionization regime

et al. 2016

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Selected features of nonsequential double ionization have been qualitatively reproduced by a multitude of different (quantum and classical) approaches. In general, however, the typical uncertainty of laser pulse parameters and the restricted number of observables measured in individual experiments leave room for adjusting theoretical results to match the experimental data. While this has been hampering the assessment of different theoretical approaches leading to conflicting interpretations, comprehensive experimental data that would allow such an ultimate and quantitative assessment have been missing so far. To remedy this situation we have performed a kinematically complete measurement of single-cycle multiple ionization of argon over a one order of magnitude range of intensity. The momenta of electrons and ions resulting from the ionization of the target gas are measured in coincidence, while each ionization event is tagged with the carrier-envelope phase and intensity of the 4-fs laser pulse driving the process. The acquired highly differential experimental data provide a benchmark for a rigorous test of the many competing theoretical models used to describe nonsequential double ionization.

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“…The well-known concept of attosecond streaking spectroscopy has permitted the observation of singleelectron dynamics with attosecond time resolution 4 . Despite this progress, however, the ultrafast dynamics of multiple electrons has resisted direct observation, even though far-reaching conclusions were drawn from kinematically complete strong-field double 5,6 and multiple ionization 7 experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding cannot be explained within the framework of the single active electron approximation, where both electrons are assumed to be ionized sequentially and independently of each other. A mechanism correlating the emission of the two electrons must be included to adequately describe this effect and different models have been proposed 5,9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

et al. 2012

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Despite their broad implications for phenomena such as molecular bonding or chemical reac tions, our knowledge of multi electron dynamics is limited and their theoretical modelling remains a most difficult task. From the experimental side, it is highly desirable to study the dynamical evolution and interaction of the electrons over the relevant timescales, which extend into the attosecond regime. Here we use near single cycle laser pulses with well defined electric field evolution to confine the double ionization of argon atoms to a single laser cycle. The measured two electron momentum spectra, which substantially differ from spectra recorded in all previous experiments using longer pulses, allow us to trace the correlated emission of the two electrons on sub femtosecond timescales. The experimental results, which are discussed in terms of a semiclassical model, provide strong constraints for the development of theories and lead us to revise common assumptions about the mechanism that governs double ionization.

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Multiple Ionization in Strong Laser Fields

Cited by 130 publications

References 92 publications

Laser-induced nonsequential double ionization at and above the recollision-excitation-tunneling threshold

Laser-induced nonsequential double ionization at and above the recollision-excitation-tunneling threshold

Complete characterization of single-cycle double ionization of argon from the nonsequential to the sequential ionization regime

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

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