Multiple instruments to change energy behaviour: The emperor’s new clothes?

Bye, Torstein; Bruvoll, Annegrete

doi:10.1007/s12053-008-9023-9

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…For example, Giraudet and Quirion (2008) show +1.8% and -4% respective price evolution for a 2% decrease in energy consumption (for a model calibrated on the French economy, under conventional behavioural assumptions). Overall, the results seem mainly affected by the energy demand and supply price-elasticites and the stringency of the instrument (Bye and Bruvoll, 2008). More specific insights can be drawn.…”

Section: Findings From Microeconomic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A set of works converge towards a stylized representation of white certificates schemes (Bye and Bruvoll, 2008;Giraudet and Quirion, 2008;Oikonomou et al, 2007Oikonomou et al, , 2008Oikonomou et al, , 2009Peerels, 2008;Sorrell et al, 2008). Based on similar partial equilibrium models operating under perfect rationality, perfect information and perfect competition assumptions, those papers generally depict the markets for two goods: energy E and energy efficiency EE.…”

Section: Findings From Microeconomic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, and more importantly, white certificates schemes coexist on energy efficiency markets with policies designed with the same energy efficiency goal, namely energy taxes, direct and fiscal subsidies, regulations, information disclosure and market transformation programs (IEA, 2008). While much attention has been paid to the former interaction on theoretical basis (Bye and Bruvoll, 2008;Farinelli et al, 2005;Oikonomou et al, 2008;Sorrell et al, 2008), little has been devoted to the latter (Monjon, 2006). In the light of the framework provided by Bennear and Stavins (2007), we will focus hereafter on those interactions, summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Energy Policy Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Road to a Unified Market for Energy Efficiency: The Contribution of White Certificates Schemes

Giraudet

Finon

2010

SSRN Journal

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SummaryWhite certificates schemes mandate competing energy companies to promote energy efficiency with flexibility mechanisms, including the trading of energy savings. So far, stylized facts are lacking and outcomes are mainly country-specific. By comparing results of British, Italian and French experiences, we attempt to identify the core determinants of their performances. We show that (i) white certificates schemes are depicted in theoretical works as mandatory subsidies on energy efficiency goods recovered by an end-use energy tax, whereby white certificates exchanges are not a central feature; (ii) at current stages, existing schemes are cost-effective and economically efficient, with large discrepancies though; (iii) the hybrid subsidy-tax mechanism seems valid but conditional to cost pass through permissions; otherwise, obliged energy companies merely promote information on the "downstream" side (i.e. at the consumer level); (iv) although white certificates exchange between different types of actors involved can be important as in Italy, trade among obliged companies is negligible; instead, flexibility sustains vertical relationships between obliged parties and "upstream" partners (i.e. installers, energy service companies). In this respect, we support the view that white certificates schemes are a policy instrument of multi-functional nature (subsidisation, information, technology diffusion), whose static and dynamic efficiency depends upon the consistency between a proper definition of long-term energy savings, the appropriate cost-recovery permission and a fine coordination with other instruments. We finally propose a four stages deployment pattern, along which fragmented markets for energy efficient technologies get closer to create a unified market delivering energy efficiency as a homogeneous good. We show that (i) white certificates schemes are depicted in theoretical works as mandatory subsidies on energy efficiency goods recovered by an end-use energy tax, whereby white certificates exchanges are not a central feature; (ii) at current stages, existing schemes are cost-effective and economically efficient, with large discrepancies though; (iii) the hybrid subsidy-tax mechanism seems valid but conditional to cost pass through permissions; otherwise, obliged energy companies merely promote information on the "downstream" side (i.e. at the consumer level); (iv) although white certificates exchange between different types of actors involved can be important as in Italy, trade among obliged companies is negligible; instead, flexibility sustains vertical relationships between obliged parties and "upstream" partners (i.e. installers, energy service companies).In this respect, we support the view that white certificates schemes are a policy instrument of multi-functional nature (subsidisation, information, technology diffusion), whose static and dynamic efficiency depends upon the consistency between a proper definition of long-term energy savings, the appropriate cost-recovery permission and a fine coord...

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Section: Findings From Microeconomic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Findings From Microeconomic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Policy Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Road to a Unified Market for Energy Efficiency: The Contribution of White Certificates Schemes

Giraudet

Finon

2010

SSRN Journal

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“…Additional pros for C&T systems are that they usually result in lower emissions than their tax counterparts (Levin et al 2012), and because they allow people to choose how to consume less, C&T systems are more preferable (Perrels 2010). In addition, in C&T systems, consumers are obliged to reduce their original consumption by a certain proportion, and therefore, cost efficiency is automatically attained in these schemes (Colt 2015;Bye -Bruvoll 2008). For their attained costs, taxes pose more information as well as transaction costs, while C&T systems require more set-up costs (Crals -Vereeck 2005).…”

Section: Resource Use Capping In Ecological Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy use caps under scrutiny: An ecological economics perspective

Kiss

2018

Soc Ec

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This paper highlights the need to limit resource use, especially energy resource use in the global economy. First, the scientific literature on capping resource use in light of three primary issues (sustainable scale, fair distribution, efficient allocation) is reviewed, as ecological economics suggests that these concerns must be addressed to move towards sustainability. Second, the paper examines how several tools proposed for capping energy use can or cannot deliver effective responses to the three primary concerns in ecological economics. Finally, recommendations are provided for future research on understanding and analysing energy capping tools to effectively achieve both environmental and social goals.

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“…7 White Certificates schemes and the French case Presented as a quite recent market mechanism for energy efficiency in Europe, the Tradable White Certificates (TWC 8 ) schemes have their origin with the Integrated Resource Planning and the Demand Side Management policies started in the 1970s (Labanca and Perrels 2008). According to Bye and Bruvoll (2008), TWCs are based on a combination of a tax on the energy consumption and production and a subsidy for suppliers of energy savings appliances. They are defined by the European Commission as "certificates issued by independent certifying bodies confirming the claims of market actors for savings of energy as a consequence of energy end-uses efficiency measures" (Bertoldi and Huld 2006).…”

Section: General Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency of the French white certificates evaluation system with the framework proposed for the European energy services

Broc¹,

Osso²,

Baudry³

et al. 2010

Energy Efficiency

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International audienceAccording to the directive on energy end-use efficiency and energy services (ESD), the European Member States shall adopt a national indicative energy savings target of 9% (or beyond) in 2016. The issue of the energy savings evaluation is crucial for its implementation. The French White Certificates (FWC) scheme is one of the important measures for France to fulfill its ESD target. However, the accountings of energy savings in the FWC scheme and in the ESD are different. Therefore, an analysis of the consistency of the two systems is needed. A concrete example of actions on residential buildings is used to illustrate the challenges for policy marker and stakeholders to set harmonized evaluation rules. The FWC and ESD calculations appear to be consistent from a physics point of view, as long as calculations are well-documented. But due to differences in the policy objectives, calculation routines may be necessary to convert national energy savings unit (e.g., kWh cumac) into supranational energy savings unit (e.g., ESD kWh). Finally, the work done to establish a transparent evaluation system brings additional benefits (e.g., increased visibility and quality of the actions), which will improve the results of the energy efficiency policies on long term

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Multiple instruments to change energy behaviour: The emperor’s new clothes?

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

On the Road to a Unified Market for Energy Efficiency: The Contribution of White Certificates Schemes

On the Road to a Unified Market for Energy Efficiency: The Contribution of White Certificates Schemes

Energy use caps under scrutiny: An ecological economics perspective

Consistency of the French white certificates evaluation system with the framework proposed for the European energy services

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