Multiple imputation for assessment of exposures to drinking water contaminants: Evaluation with the Atrazine Monitoring Program

Background: The relationship between preterm birth (PTB) and endocrine disruptor exposure in drinking-water has only occasionally been studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the relation between exposure to atrazine metabolites, or atrazine/nitrate mixtures, in drinking-water during pregnancy and prevalence of PTB neonates, while taking neighborhood deprivation into account. Method: A historic cohort study in Deux-Sèvres, France, between 2005 and 2010 with a multiple imputation model for data of exposure to atrazine metabolites and a logistic regression were carried out. Results: We included 13,654 mother/neonate pairs living in 279 different census districts. The prevalence of PTB was 4%. Average atrazine metabolite concentration was 0.019 ± 0.009 (0.014–0.080) µg/L and 39% of mothers lived in less deprived areas. The individual data were associated with risk of PTB. The risk of PTB when exposed to highest concentration of atrazine metabolite adjusted for confounders, was ORa 1.625 95% CI [0.975; 2.710]. Taking, or not, neighborhood deprivation into account did not change the result. Exposure to atrazine/nitrate mixtures remained non-significant. Conclusions: Even if we took neighborhood deprivation into account, we could not show a significant relationship between exposure to atrazine metabolites, or mixtures, in drinking-water during the second trimester of pregnancy and PTB.

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“…Authors then suggest applying multiple imputation to fill in water quality values between measurements in CWSs [37]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors in Drinking Water and Preterm Birth, Taking Neighborhood Deprivation into Account: A Historic Cohort Study

Albouy-Llaty

Limousi

Carles

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…Using the mean monthly estimates, we calculated the mean atrazine concentrations for the entire gestational period of the pregnancy (“gestational atrazine”) as well as for each trimester of pregnancy, based on date of birth and gestational age at birth. The limit of detection for atrazine was 0.1 µg/L in 2006 and was 0.05 µg/L in 2007 and 2008 [ 29 ]. Measurements below the limit of detection (LOD) were assigned a value of the LOD/2 in this analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine Contamination of Drinking Water and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Community Water Systems with Elevated Atrazine in Ohio, 2006–2008

Almberg

Turyk

Jones

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Atrazine, a common water contaminant in the U.S., has been associated with adverse birth outcomes in previous studies. This study aimed to determine if atrazine concentrations in drinking water are associated with adverse birth outcomes including small for gestational age (SGA), term low birth weight (term LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), preterm birth (PTB), and very preterm birth (VPTB). This study included 14,445 live singleton births from Ohio communities served by 22 water systems enrolled in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Atrazine Monitoring Program between 2006 and 2008. Mean gestational and trimester-specific atrazine concentrations were calculated. Significantly increased odds of term LBW birth was associated with atrazine exposure over the entire gestational period (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10, 1.45), as well as the first (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08, 1.34) and second trimesters (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07, 1.20) of pregnancy. We observed no evidence of an association between atrazine exposure via drinking water and SGA, VLBW, PTB, or VPTB. Our results suggest that atrazine exposure is associated with reduced birth weight among term infants and that exposure to atrazine in drinking water in early and mid-pregnancy may be most critical for its toxic effects on the fetus.

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“…Previous applications of MI to environmental data have found the method to effectively recover missing information, 9,10,16 which suggests that the method may recover missing information in the context of CHEERS. To our knowledge, however, the MI method has not been applied to microbial surface water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of imputation methods for microbial surface water quality studies

Nieh

Dorevitch

Liu

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Multiple imputation for assessment of exposures to drinking water contaminants: Evaluation with the Atrazine Monitoring Program

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Association between Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors in Drinking Water and Preterm Birth, Taking Neighborhood Deprivation into Account: A Historic Cohort Study

Association between Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors in Drinking Water and Preterm Birth, Taking Neighborhood Deprivation into Account: A Historic Cohort Study

Atrazine Contamination of Drinking Water and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Community Water Systems with Elevated Atrazine in Ohio, 2006–2008

Evaluation of imputation methods for microbial surface water quality studies

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