Multiple Immunoperoxidase Markers in Benign Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

Ellis, David W.; Leffers, S.; Davies, Julie; Ng, A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49651-0

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, we found both PSA and PSAP to be 100% specific for prostatic adenocarcinoma. Like others, we found a rare case of high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma that was negative for both PSA and PSAP (10,11,(13)(14)(15). Similar to previous reports, none of our cases of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder expressed PSA or PSAP (11,12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Immunophenotype of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma

et al. 2000

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Morphologic features alone can usually be used to distinguish prostatic adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Poorly differentiated tumors, however, can occasionally have features of both neoplasms, making determination of site of origin difficult. No study has provided a panel of antibodies to assist in the distinction of these two tumors. For this study, 73 examples of moderately and poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma and 46 examples of high-grade urothelial carcinoma were obtained from radical resection specimens. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using the following panel of antibodies: cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK 20, 34␤E12, Leu M1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)m, CEAp, p53, Leu 7, prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and B72.3. Mucicarmine was also performed. Intermediate and high-grade prostatic carcinoma were compared and then high-grade prostatic carcinoma was compared with high-grade urothelial carcinoma. PSA and PSAP each stained 94% of prostatic adenocarcinomas, but no urothelial carcinomas. Leu 7 stained 94% of prostate and 17% of urothelial carcinomas. Over half of the urothelial carcinomas showed positivity for 34␤E12 (65%), as did two cases of prostatic carcinoma (6%). Eighty-three percent of urothelial carcinomas and 12% of prostatic adenocarcinomas stained with CK 7. Forty-one percent of urothelial carcinomas and 12% of prostatic carcinomas were reactive for CEAm, and p53 stained 33% and 3% of urothelial and prostatic adenocarcinomas, respectively. No significant difference was seen in the expression of CEAp, CK 20, B72.3, Leu M1, or mucicarmine between prostate and urothelial carcinoma. We propose a panel of six antibodies to assist in the distinction of high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma from high grade urothelial carcinoma: PSA, PSAP, 34␤E12, Leu 7, CK 7, and p53. The first three antibodies should be used initially; if results are negative, the remaining antibodies may be employed.KEY WORDS: 34␤E12; CK 7; immunohistochemistry; Leu 7; prostatic adenocarcinoma; PSA; PSAP; urothelial carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2000;13(11):1186 -1191Prostatic adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder are the most common and fifth most common cancers in men, respectively (1). Both neoplasms usually are found in patients older than 50 years; in a subset of patients, both neoplasms occur synchronously or metachronously. Indeed, for patients who undergo cystoprostatectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, the reported incidence of concurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma is reported to be from 46 to 70% (2-4). At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), we frequently encounter patients with bladder neck tumors that clinically and pathologically are not clearly urothelial carcinoma or prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cystoscopy typically reveals a mass at the bladder neck, whereas the remainder of the bladder is unremarkable. Biopsies show a tumor that is often high grade and has morphologic features of both urothelia...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, because CEAp is also frequently expressed in prostatic adenocarcinoma, it is not useful in distinguishing prostatic adenocarcinoma from urothelial carcinoma (13). We found urothelial carcinomas to express CEAm more often than prostate carcinomas.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Immunophenotype of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma

et al. 2000

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“…4 On the other hand, the expression level of PSA in prostate cancer decreases as the level of malignancy increases. 5,6 The latter fact means that PSA does not reflect the degree of malignancy. These 2 facts seem conflicting, but this paradox could be explained, for example, by a larger tumor volume at the time of presentation in patients with higher-grade cancers despite the lower production of PSA per gram of tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 One reason is that expression of PSA is lower in poorly differentiated cancer than in well-differentiated cancer 5,6 and the other reason is that the volume of BPH affects the serum PSA level. 1 For these reasons, the discovery of a specific antigen whose expression is associated with prostate cancer but not with normal prostate or BPH, and in addition reflects the malignant potential, is a very important medical advance.…”

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confidence: 99%

RM2 antigen (β1,4‐GalNAc‐disialyl‐Lc₄) as a new marker for prostate cancer

Saitoh

Egawa

Endoh

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used for early detection of prostate cancer, PSA has problems with specificity and prediction of pathological stage. Therefore, a new marker for prostate cancer is urgently required. We examined expression of a novel carbohydrate antigen, b1,4-GalNAc-disialyl-Lc 4 , defined by the monoclonal antibody RM2, in prostate cancer using 75 cases of radical prostatectomy specimens. RM2 immunoreactivity was negative to weak in all benign glands, and weak to moderate in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In prostatic adenocarcinoma, RM2 immunoreactivity was negative to weak (lower expression) in 20 cases, and moderate to strong (higher expression) in 55 cases. A clear difference of RM2 expression level was observed between Gleason patterns 3 and !4. Higher expression of RM2 antigen was significantly associated with primary Gleason pattern !4, high Gleason score (!8), larger tumor volume and advanced tumor stage. Furthermore, 5-year PSA failurefree survival was significantly lower in the higher expression group. However, no significant relationship was observed between RM2 expression level and preoperative serum PSA. Western blot analysis in prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and LNCap revealed that major 49-kDa and minor 39-kDa glycoproteins were common to both cells, but there was an increase of 59-and 125-kDa glycoproteins unique to LNCap and an increase of 88-and 98-kDa glycoproteins unique to PC3. RM2 antigen is a new histological marker for prostate cancer that may reflect the Gleason grading system. Identification of the glycoproteins carrying the RM2 antigen will provide new insights into the properties of prostate cancer. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Although certain studies showed that PSA expression in prostate cancer tissue decreased with increasing Gleason score, serum PSA levels remained proportional to the volume, Gleason score and stage of the prostate cancer (25,26). This increase in serum PSA may be explained by an increased release of PSA secondary to increased disorganized prostatic epithelium in higher grade cancers.…”

Section: Diagnostic and Prognostic Markersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prostate cancer markers: An update

et al. 2016

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Abstract. As the most common noncutaneous malignancy in American men, prostate cancer currently accounts for 29% of all diagnosed cancers, and ranks second as the cause of cancer fatality in American men. Prostatic cancer is rarely symptomatic early in its course and therefore disease presentation often implies local extension or even metastatic disease. Thus, it is extremely critical to detect and diagnose prostate cancer in its earliest stages, often prior to the presentation of symptoms. Three of the most common techniques used to detect prostate cancer are the digital rectal exam, the transrectal ultrasound, and the use of biomarkers. This review presents an update regarding the field of prostate cancer biomarkers and comments on future biomarkers. Although there is not a lack of research in the field of prostate cancer biomarkers, the discovery of a novel biomarker that may have the advantage of being more specific and effective warrants future scientific inquiry.

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Multiple Immunoperoxidase Markers in Benign Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Immunophenotype of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma

Immunophenotype of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma

RM2 antigen (β1,4‐GalNAc‐disialyl‐Lc₄) as a new marker for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer markers: An update

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Multiple Immunoperoxidase Markers in Benign Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Immunophenotype of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma

Immunophenotype of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma

RM2 antigen (β1,4‐GalNAc‐disialyl‐Lc4) as a new marker for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer markers: An update

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RM2 antigen (β1,4‐GalNAc‐disialyl‐Lc₄) as a new marker for prostate cancer