Multiple-image encryption and multiplexing using a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm and phase modulation in Fresnel-transform domain

Hwang, Hone‐Ene; Chang, Hsuan; Lie, Wen-Nung

doi:10.1364/ol.34.003917

Cited by 192 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The published results by H. E. Hwang et al [14], show a maximum number of GL images, N=10, and illustrate an evident decreasing of correlation coefficient (CC) quality factor when increasing the N image number, obtaining an approximately value CC=0.93 for N=10. Other case to consider is the work by H. T. Chang et al [15], in which they evaluate the CC factor vs the N number of images in the multiplexed package, reaching a quality value CC=0.82 for N=9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of the efficiency of a virtualoptical multiplexing method, by using theta modulation

Valencia

2017

TecnoL.

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We present an efficient virtual-optical multiplexing method for compressing information contained in gray level images. The efficiency is measured using three parameters: quality factors of recovered images, memory saving percentage achieved, and number of multiplexed images in the package. Theta modulation techniques are applied, to process an N number of gray level images, by using a virtual-optical 2f architecture, from which we obtain a complex package M, to be stored as two images, amplitude and phase, in commercial formats. We apply pixel optimization and Fourier plane filtering to amplitude and phase images, respectively, storing only a percentage of the Fourier plane with a pixel dynamic range optimization. The stored package spends much less memory than individual images. The recovered images after the demultiplexing process are compared with the original ones by using correlation coefficient, obtaining high quality factors for decompressed images. We perform simulations, showing the efficiency of the proposed process, and our results are compared to the same factors reported in recent publications, making our improvements evident.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of the efficiency of a virtualoptical multiplexing method, by using theta modulation

Valencia

2017

TecnoL.

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“…In addition, the encryption capacity is also limited in these encryption methods. To overcome the cross-talk problem and increase encryption capacity, many improved multiple-image encryption techniques have been proposed [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In the encryption process of these improved methods, all images to be encrypted are required to be encoded separately into one or more phase-only masks with all kinds of phase retrieval algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the above improved multiple-image encryption method based on all kinds of phase retrieval algorithm [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], in our method all images to be encrypted also are first encoded separately into a phase-only image with the help of the fully phase encoding in computer. Then these phase-only images are intermodulated into a single phase-only image by multiplication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical multiple-image encryption based on fully phase encoding and interference

Deng

Wen

2015

Optik

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“…Deng and Zhao 21 suggested a multiple-image encryption by using a phase retrieval algorithm and intermodulation in the Fourier domain, which avoids the cross-talk of decrypted images. Hwang et al 22 proposed a multiple-image encryption and multiplexing approach based on a modified GerchbergSaxton algorithm (MGSA) in the FrT domain, which reduces the cross-talks significantly. Chang et al 23,24 also suggested the position multiplexing encryption using cascaded phaseonly masks based on the MGSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric double-image encryption method by using iterative phase retrieval algorithm in fractional Fourier transform domain

Sui

Ning

et al. 2014

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. A double-image encryption scheme is proposed based on an asymmetric technique, in which the encryption and decryption processes are different and the encryption keys are not identical to the decryption ones. First, a phase-only function (POF) of each plain image is retrieved by using an iterative process and then encoded into an interim matrix. Two interim matrices are directly modulated into a complex image by using the convolution operation in the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) domain. Second, the complex image is encrypted into the gray scale ciphertext with stationary white-noise distribution by using the FrFT. In the encryption process, three random phase functions are used as encryption keys to retrieve the POFs of plain images. Simultaneously, two decryption keys are generated in the encryption process, which make the optical implementation of the decryption process convenient and efficient. The proposed encryption scheme has high robustness to various attacks, such as brute-force attack, known plaintext attack, cipher-only attack, and specific attack. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed method. IntroductionWith the rapid popularity of computer networks, images as an effective carrier of information have been widely used in various fields of modern society and image encryption issues have become an important field for information security. Since Refregier and Javidi 1 proposed the classical optical double-random phase encoding (DRPE) technique, many optical encryption and authentication systems in Fourier transform (FT), Fresnel transform (FrT), fractional Fourier transform (FrFT), and gyrator transform (GT) domains have been proposed during the past decades.2-11 Moreover, Alfalou and Brosseau 12 pointed out that these techniques can be used for compression operations simultaneously. Though most reported optical encryption techniques based on DRPE have the excellent parallel and multidimensional capability of signal processing, it should be pointed out that these schemes belong to the category of symmetric cryptosystems, where the keys in the encryption process are used for decryption. Some research investigations indicate that these schemes are vulnerable to the conventional attacks because of the inherently linear property of mathematical or optical transformation. [13][14][15] In order to resist these attacks, Qin and Peng 16 proposed an asymmetric encryption based on the phase-truncated Fourier transform (PTFT), where the decryption keys are different from the encryption keys and the linearity of the cryptosystem is broken by using the nonlinear operation of phase truncation.

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Multiple-image encryption and multiplexing using a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm and phase modulation in Fresnel-transform domain

Cited by 192 publications

References 10 publications

Analysis of the efficiency of a virtualoptical multiplexing method, by using theta modulation

Analysis of the efficiency of a virtualoptical multiplexing method, by using theta modulation

Optical multiple-image encryption based on fully phase encoding and interference

Asymmetric double-image encryption method by using iterative phase retrieval algorithm in fractional Fourier transform domain

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