As a kind of ionic fluid, deep-eutectic
solvent (DES) has been
used not only as a solvent but also as a precursor for carbon preparation
in recent years. Herein, porous nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) has been
prepared via simple pyrolysis of l-tyrosine-based DES. The
effects of the proportion of the components in DES and the carbonization
temperature on the morphology, pore structure, chemical composition,
and the performance for supercapacitor application have been investigated.
The as-prepared NCs show large surface areas, high nitrogen contents,
hierarchical porous structures, and excellent capacitive performances.
Specifically, the optimized sample exhibits a higher specific capacitance
(306.5 F g–1), better rate capability (70.3% at
50 A g–1), and also shows high area capacitance
(7.1 F cm–2) and specific capacitance (235.8 F g–1) when 30 mg/cm2 of the sample is loaded.
The constructed symmetric supercapacitor attains a high energy density
of 16.9 W h kg–1 (at 450 W kg–1) in the neutral electrolyte and outstanding cycling stability of
100% retention after 50,000 cycles. Moreover, the fabricated symmetrical
solid KOH/poly(vinyl alcohol) supercapacitor displays a superior energy
density of 15.2 W h kg–1 at 700 W kg–1 and can retain 8.8 W h kg–1 at 14 kW kg–1. Our work presents a route for the synthesis of porous carbon using
DES as the carbonaceous precursor and also demonstrates its possible
application in energy storage.