Multiple hurdle mechanism and blood-brain barrier in epilepsy: glucocorticoid receptor-heat shock proteins on drug regulation

Achar, Aneesha; Ghosh, Chaitali

doi:10.4103/1673-5374.313046

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While the role of heat shock proteins in hyperthermia-induced seizures is not fully understood, they have been shown to be upregulated in epileptic brain regions compared to non-epileptic ones (Achar, 2021). Some studies suggest that heat shock proteins may serve as useful indicators of stressed neurons in the acute phase of epilepsy (Yang, 2008).…”

Section: Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Physical Review of Epilepsy

Esen¹

2023

Preprint

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Epilepsy is a neurological condition that has been recognized since ancient times. It is characterized by recurrent seizures and is often stigmatized and ostracized from society. In recent years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the underlying causes and developing more effective treatments. In this review, we focus on the physical aspects of epilepsy and how exploring these modalities may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. After a brief overview, we focus on the specific physical aspects of epilepsy, such as the impact of pressure, volume, heat, and relevant comorbidities on the condition. The paper concludes by discussing the main findings and limitations and potential areas for future research, highlighting the importance of understanding the physical aspects of epilepsy. HIGHLIGHTS* The physical aspects of epilepsy are often overlooked.* To gain a deeper comprehension of the underlying mechanism, understanding the involvement of the physical aspects is crucial.* The relation between epilepsy and pressure, volume, and heat introduces a consistent framework.* In conjunction with certain theoretical works, it is possible to establish a unifying and coherent framework for epilepsy.

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Section: Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Physical Review of Epilepsy

Esen¹

2023

Preprint

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“…Upon circulation, these drugs must cross the BBB in order to reach the target brain tissue. As referenced earlier, structural and functional properties of the BBB present multiple hurdles to pharmaceutical compounds, thereby decreasing the concentration of drugs at the target brain tissue [ 200 ]. However, drugs administered through the intranasal and intrathecal routes bypass the BBB, avoiding the observed reduction in drug bioavailability, altogether [ 201 ].…”

Section: Key Factors To Be Considered For Enhancing Drug Delivery Across the Bbbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Delivery Challenges in Brain Disorders across the Blood–Brain Barrier: Novel Methods and Future Considerations for Improved Therapy

2021

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Due to the physiological and structural properties of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the delivery of drugs to the brain poses a unique challenge in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Several strategies have been investigated to circumvent the barrier for CNS therapeutics such as in epilepsy, stroke, brain cancer and traumatic brain injury. In this review, we summarize current and novel routes of drug interventions, discuss pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics at the neurovascular interface, and propose additional factors that may influence drug delivery. At present, both technological and mechanistic tools are devised to assist in overcoming the BBB for more efficient and improved drug bioavailability in the treatment of clinically devastating brain disorders.

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